25 May 1996, Volume 18 Issue 2
    

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  • Zhang Xiangsong, Chen Jianming, Cai Xiangxing, Wang Ninglian, Shi Yafeng, Wang Wenying, Yang Zhiqiang
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0015
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    In 1974~1975,authors took part in the Batura Glacier Investigation Group of International Karakoram Highway and quantitatiively forecasted glacial advancing in this century and glacial changing tend for the next scores of years.We concluded that this advanicing of the Batura Glacier in the early 1960s would be no means endanger the highway and bridge. While the new channel formed in 1973 would be stable for a relatively long time and there was no buriesice beneath the highway and the proposed bridge.We suggested that the present Chinese_Pakistan Highway on the right bank of the Hunza River could be repaired. Karakoram Highway Engineering Headquarters accepted our suggestions as how to repair the highway by the terminus of the Batura Glacier.This Highway works well throughout the last 20 yesr.In 1978,1980nad 1994,the Batura Glacier Investigation Group three times verified the Batura Glacier Prediction made in 1975.The results proved that the prediction is fundamental exact and coincident with objective reality,With some errors in time and distance The prediction have been tested for 20 years and is satisfactory.
  • Zhu Linnan, Wu Ziwang, Zang Enmu, Pan Bingwu, Liu Yongzhi, Tao Guoxin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 104-110. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0016
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    Degeneration is a basic trend of permafrst in this region at the present,which results from global warming.There are many phenomena showing degeneration,such as,buried frozen soil and permafrost geomorphological mask.The range of degeneration increases from north to sourth.The largest degeneration range is in the north slope of the Bayan Har Mountains.The range is dependent on monsoon wind,snow cover and ground water.
  • Chen Fahu, Ma Yuzhen, Li JiJun
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 111-118. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0017
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    Loess is Widely distributed in the Longxi Loess Plateau. Loess deposiition in the plateau is quite sensiitive to enviironmental and/or climatic changes. Because it is relative thick in the Plateau the loess climatic record has high resolution. Malan loess is 30 m to 50 m thick in the plateau. Yuandao section in Linxia basin and Gaolanshan section in Lanzhou are two typicalMalan loess sections in the plateau with more than 30 m thick Malan loess. It is found that there are 22 weak pedogeniic layers in it. They are the record of interstades in the last glaciation. From pedogenic structures, magnetic susceptibility index, pollen and spore composition and others it is known that climates in the interstades were relative warm and moist. The Mallan loess record is quite coincited with Greenland GRIP ice core record, reflecting the general instable climate for whole global during the last glaciation. In middle part of Malan loess thare are a thick interstadial pedogenic layer with three main paleosols. The climate in that period was quite moist, and possible as warm as presen tin some time especially in the bottom paleosol formation. In wewtern China, Water Level of Inland Lakes was higher than that of Presents. The interstade in China appeared as a Mega_interstade.
  • Guan Donghong, Xi Xiaoxia, Hao Yongping, Fang Xiaomin, Li Jijun, Yu Danlin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 119-124. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0018
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    Recent Greenland deep ice core GRIP reveals the climate experinced shorh shifts duriing the early stage of the last interglacial age(MIS_e),but the later ice core GISP2 near the GRIP drill has not demonstrated such phenomenon. It is very impotrant to make it clear for the future climate forcast, because climate change in the last interglacial age is served as an analogue for the future climate. Hare we present high resolution continuous loesspaleosol CaCO3 record from the Beiyuan section in LinXia. Three warm periods and two serious cold periods indicate that climate experinced marked fluctuation, corelating well with the Greenlang GRIP cliimate record. It demonstrats the instability of climate existence during MIS_e, and its influence was common at least over the north hemisphere rather than local as previously recognized.
  • Xi Xiaoxia, Mu Defen, Fang Xiaomin, Li Jijun
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 125-130. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0019
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    Variatio of Cl- content in the high resolution Paleo Donghan Lake sediments(2.2~1.66Ma BP)shows that the Asian monsoonal system had been stably established in Early Pleistocene wwith a mild change. During this time interrval, the monsoon climate changed obviously in three phases, namely, relatively drry from 2.2 to 1.85 Ma BP, very humid from 1.85 to 1.7 Ma BP with the lowest content of Cl-, and dry again from 1.7 to 1.66 Ma BP. Besides, 20 ka cycle of Cl- variation is also evident in each phase. These indicate the evolution of the early monsoon climate may be caused by both the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and earth obrbital forcing.
  • Ding Yongjian
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 131-138. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0020
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    With Climatic warming in recent decades, crryospherical system consiisted of glaciers, snow cover and permafrost is obsviously reacting to warming climate. Glacier mass balance is accelerating to tend negative within the main glacier regions of the northern hemisphere. Compared 1980swith twenty years before, glacier mass balance decreased by 1 9 times in the Tianshan Mountains,2 times in the Rocky Mountains and more than 10 times in the Alps. Average mass balance in the 1980s in northern hemisphere reduced by 1 3 times compared with that in the 1960s and 1970s corresponding to a rise of 0 38℃ in air temperature. Retreating number of small glaciers in length less than 2km, which appear to be very sensitive to climate change, has increased 15%~20% in the 1980s compared with that in the 1960s and 1970s. Permafrost temperatre also shows significant increase. Annaul thaw rate in underground ice in the 1980s has incerased by 2 times compared with that in the 1970s. Permafrost table and altitude of permafrost lower limit in northeast region of CHina are changing with climatic warming. Evidence of permaf k2 compared the 1980s with the 1970s equal to decrease of 4% in area of snow cover. Various indications show that cryspherical system has changed with global warming.
  • Ye Ba iisheng, Chen Kegong, Shi Yafeng
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 139-146. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0021
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    Through statistics and analyses of mass balance in the Glacier No.1 in the source of the Urumqi River measured for ten years and relative meteorological data, this paper obtains the function of ablation intensity for months in the ablation period for the east branch and the west branch of the glacier. The results show that the relationship between ablation intensity and air temperature varies monthly. This relationship appears to be different with glacier facing.
  • Zhang Yinsheng, Yao Tandong, Pu Jianchen
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 147-154. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0022
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    Continental-type glaciers are basic type glaciers developing in China and widely spread in Westren part of China, Which have characteristical ablation process. The evaporation(sublimation)takes an important role in the ablation on continental-type glaciers in China. In the melting season, amount of evaporation(sublimation)takes 12% of the ablation on Glacier No.1 in the Headwaters of Urumqi River, Tianshan Mts; it takes 26.1% of the ablation on Dongkemadi Glacier in the Tanggula Mountains, Tibetan Plateau. THe annual amount of evaporation(sublimation)takes 27.8% of the ablation on Dongkemadii Glacier; the condensation is few on these glaciers. The daily mean ablation is related well to climatic parameters baove the continental-type glacier. THe amount of ablation increases with air temperature; it decreases with vapour contant in the atmosphere. For the evaporation playing an important role in ablation, the wind speed works powerfully in the ablation process. The ratio of the energy for melting to that for evaporation(ME ratio)is a parameter of ablation on the continental-type glaciers. There is a very good relationship between the amount of ablation and Me ratio. According to the ME ration on the continental-type glaciers, the ablation can be classificated as follows: ME >5.5, melting type; 2.0> ME <5.5,transition type; ME<2.0, evaporation type. This classification could be spreaded to the maritiime type glaciers and polar type glaciers. The ablation of continental-type glaciers is different owing to different environment of theeir deveioping. Generally, the ME ratio on the continental-type glaciers increases with altitute; the percentage of evaporation in amount of ablation has the same variation tendency.
  • Wang Zhenggui, Ma Wei, Sheng Yu, Wu Ziwang
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 155-161. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0023
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    Based on of analysis creep of frozen soil, it is considered that the creep failure of frozen soil is caused by accumulation of non elastic deformation. In any deformation stage of frozen soil, threr exists non elastic deformation whose acculumation causes appearence of the progressive yield under certain condition and in trun promotes further increase in creep. Accordingly, considering frozen soil as a viscoelastic plastic material, this paper gives a progressive yield criteria to describe the creep of frozen soil, meanwhile a creep equation describing the whole process of creep is obtained.
  • Sheen Zhongyan, Zhang Jiayi
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 162-169. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0024
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    Vibrating tests on saturated loess were carried out with equiamplitude dynamic strain increased with constant strain rate at-5℃, which revealed an effect of dynamic loading on strength. As compared with static test, the dynamic strength is lower, the failure time is moved up and the strain for failure is less when the median strain rate is low; but the dynamic sstrength is higher, thefailure time is delayed and the strain to failure is more when the median strain rate is high, showing an integrated influence of rate effect with cyclic effect. In the tested range the effect of vibrating rfrequency on the dynamic trength is feeble, and is positive when median strainrate is low and negative when median strain rate is high. It appears that there is a critical strain rate, under which the dynamic strength is not affected by vibration frequency and approximates to the static strength.
  • Gao Jiangping, Wu Jiahui, Deng Yuosheng, Wang Jiacheng
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 170-177. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0025
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    In this paper, Authors mainly study the expansion of sulphate salty soil containing NaCl influenced by many fcators. First put forward a formula to calculate the salt expansionrate for 5 factors, and reveal the effects of single factor and of multi factors mutually. In addition, some quantitative effects are worked out. It iis significant to practical enginggring.
  • Li Feng, Shen Wu, Sun Xiutang, Gong Deqing
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 178-183. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0026
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    An experimental method for measuring elasto-plastic fracture toughness J-Integral of ice is presented. The photoelastic method and the speckle technique are sued for measuring the stress and displacement field respectively. The fracture toughness value of ice is obtained by the round-path defined J-Integral, A group of speciments made of fresh water have been measured. The J-Integral values by two difforent pathes are rather closed, their relative error is less than 6%.
  • Wang Jiacheng, Zhang Xuezhen, Wang Yujie
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 184-188. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0027
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    The formation and development of microstructure in frozen,freezing and thawing soil under different teperatures and overburden pressures are studied by scanning electronic microscope. Results show that the scanning electronic microscope is a good tool for the study in many aspects such as soil particle moving aggregating and separating, morphology of unfrozen water membrane, mechanism of crryogenic structure and dislocation and craking of soil particles under different overburden pressures.
  • Yang Xinyuan, Han Tianding
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1996, 18(2): 189-193. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1996.0028
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    The runoff in the Urumqi River mainly depends on precipitation and snow and ice melt-water,.Because of the summer warming and precipitation reducing,the glacier is thinning. It is Found that the Mean summer(June~Aug.)temperature has incrased 0.14,and the precipitation has decreased 19 mm(July~Aug.)or 24 mm(June~Aug.)in the glaciated region from the beginning of 1960s to the beginning of 1990s.The annual precipitation has decreased 17 mm,The glacier No.1 has thinned 140 mm per year since 1960s.At hinning rate of 181 mm/a was measured in 1990~1993.It is expected that the thinning rrate will increase.