大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡对比研究——以天山和阿尔卑斯山典型冰川为例

doi:10.7522/j.isnn.1000-0240.2015.0127

冰川冻土 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1131-1140.doi: 10.7522/j.isnn.1000-0240.2015.0127

• 冰冻圈与全球变化 • 下一篇

大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡对比研究——以天山和阿尔卑斯山典型冰川为例

苏勃¹, 李忠勤^{2 1}, 张明军¹, 郭蓉¹, 孙美平¹, 车彦军¹, 应雪¹

1. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃兰州 730070;
2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川观测试验站, 甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2015-05-11 修回日期:2015-07-18 出版日期:2015-10-25 发布日期:2016-03-28
通讯作者: 李忠勤,E-mail:lizq@lzb.ac.cn. E-mail:lizq@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:苏勃(1994-),男,甘肃庄浪人,现为西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院地理科学系本科生,从事冰川与气候变化方面研究.E-mail:gssubo@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CBA01801);中国科学院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-G03-01);国家自然科学基金项目(41471058);中国科学院2015年大学生创新实践训练计划项目;西北师范大学2015年本科生学术科技创新团队项目资助

A comparative study on mass balance between the continental glaciers and the temperate glaciers:Taking the typical glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps as examples

SU Bo¹, LI Zhongqin^{2 1}, ZHANG Mingjun¹, GUO Rong¹, SUN Meiping¹, CHE Yanjun¹, YING Xue¹

1. College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2015-05-11 Revised:2015-07-18 Online:2015-10-25 Published:2016-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 物质平衡是冰川对气候变化最直接的响应,是冰川变化的重要参数.大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川发育在不同的水热环境下,它们对气候变化的响应程度、过程和机理存在很大差异,因此在全球变暖背景下对这两类不同性质冰川物质平衡变化特征及其机理做一全面的对比研究意义重大.以东、西天山的乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川和图尤克苏冰川以及阿尔卑斯山东、中、西部的欣特雷斯冰川、Caresèr冰川和Sarennes冰川为参照冰川,在对比分析这五条参照冰川近60 a来物质平衡变化幅度差异和阶段性差异基础上,对大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡变化特征及其机理进行了对比研究.结果表明:在物质平衡阶段性变化上,阿尔卑斯山参照冰川物质平衡变化具有相似的阶段性,而天山和阿尔卑斯山参照冰川之间以及天山内部两条参照冰川之间物质平衡阶段性变化存在很大的差异,可见,无论不同性质冰川还是同一性质的不同冰川,其物质平衡的阶段性变化都可能存在差异,这与不同冰川所处环境水热变化的时间差异有关,而与冰川性质无关;在物质平衡变化幅度上,海洋型冰川变化幅度明显大于大陆型冰川,原因是不同性质冰川发育的水热环境及其对气候变化敏感性差异;在前人对冰川加速消融机理的研究基础上,本文也讨论了大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡变化的机理及其异同.

关键词: 物质平衡, 大陆型冰川, 海洋型冰川, 天山, 阿尔卑斯山, 气候变化

Abstract: Under the background of global warming, most of glaciers retreat all over the world. According to the water-thermal environment that glaciers developed in, as well as glacier physical properties, continental glaciers and temperate glaciers can be classified out. The two type glaciers exist significant differences in degree, process and mechanism in respond to climate change. So it is of great significance to conduct the comparative study on mass balance characteristics and mechanisms in respond to climate change between the two type glaciers. In this paper, the Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the Ürümqi River and Tuyuksu Glacier, respectively in east and west Tianshan Mountains, and Hintereisferner Glacier, Caresèr Glacier and Sarennes Glacier in the eastern, central and western Alps, respectively, are taken as sample glaciers. The characteristics and mechanisms of the mass balance change are compared for the two glacier types. Based on a comparative analysis on the differences in amplitude of fluctuation and phasic change of the mass balance during the 60 years. The results show that the temperate glaciers have greater amplitude of fluctuation than that of the continental glaciers due to their differences in water-thermal environment and in sensitivity to climate change. Phasic change of mass balance was similar in the Alps, but was much different not only between the glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps, but also between the two glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains. This indicates that the difference not only exist between different property glaciers but also among the same type glaciers. In addition, on the basis of predecessors' research on glacial retreat mechanisms, the similarities and differences in mechanisms of glacier mass balance between the continental glaciers and the temperate glaciers also studied. The air temperature rising during ablation season and the glacier surface albedo reduction are considered responsible for the accelerated ablation not only for the continental glaciers but also for the temperate glaciers. Moreover, the ice temperature rising and the glacier fragmentation are another important mechanism for speeding up ablation of the continental glaciers and the temperate glaciers.

Key words: glacier mass balance, the continental glaciers, the temperate glaciers, Tianshan Mountains, Alps, climate change

中图分类号:

P343.6

苏勃, 李忠勤, 张明军, 郭蓉, 孙美平, 车彦军, 应雪. 大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡对比研究——以天山和阿尔卑斯山典型冰川为例[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(5): 1131-1140.

SU Bo, LI Zhongqin, ZHANG Mingjun, GUO Rong, SUN Meiping, CHE Yanjun, YING Xue. A comparative study on mass balance between the continental glaciers and the temperate glaciers:Taking the typical glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps as examples[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(5): 1131-1140.

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大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡对比研究——以天山和阿尔卑斯山典型冰川为例

A comparative study on mass balance between the continental glaciers and the temperate glaciers:Taking the typical glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps as examples

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