祁连山大野口流域土壤水热空间变化特征研究

doi:10.7522/j.isnn.1000-0240.2015.0149

冰川冻土 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1353-1360.doi: 10.7522/j.isnn.1000-0240.2015.0149

祁连山大野口流域土壤水热空间变化特征研究

牛赟^{1 2 3}, 刘贤德^{1 3}, 苗毓鑫^{1 3}, 车宗玺^{1 3}

1. 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院甘肃省森林生态与冻土水文水资源重点实验室, 甘肃张掖 734000;
2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃兰州 730000,;
3. 甘肃张掖生态科学研究院甘肃省祁连山生态科技创新服务平台, 甘肃张掖 734000

收稿日期:2015-05-18 修回日期:2015-07-22 出版日期:2015-10-25 发布日期:2016-03-28
通讯作者: 刘贤德,E-mail:liuxiande666@163.com. E-mail:liuxiande666@163.com
作者简介:牛赟(1974-),男,甘肃通渭人,高级工程师,2014年于甘肃农业大学获博士学位,主要从事森林生态水文学方面的研究.E-mail:niuyun2028@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41461004);甘肃省科技创新服务平台项目(144JTCG254);甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目(145RJIG337)资助

Research on the spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture and temperature in Dayekou basin of the Qilian Mountains

NIU Yun^{1 2 3}, LIU Xiande^{1 3}, MIAO Yuxin^{1 3}, CHE Zongxi^{1 3}

1. Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Frozen-soil Hydrology and Water Resources, Academy of Water Resource Conservation Forests of Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China;
2. Cold And Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. Gansu Science and Technology Innovation Service Platform of Ecology in Qilian Mountains, Academy of Ecology Science of Zhangye, Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China

Received:2015-05-18 Revised:2015-07-22 Online:2015-10-25 Published:2016-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤水热对水源涵养功能的发挥影响较大,为了研究流域空间上的水源涵养功能变化规律,在祁连山大野口流域布设90个土壤水热监测探头,对已取得的100多万个数据采取相关分析、变异系数等方法,研究土壤水热空间的变化特征.结果表明:随海拔增大,土壤水分呈波动性增大趋势,增大率约为2.35%·(100m)^-1,土壤温度呈波动性降低趋势,降低率约为0.74℃·(100m)^-1.半阴坡土壤水分比半阳坡高1.2倍、比阳坡高1.7倍,半阳坡土壤水分比阳坡高1.4倍.半阴坡土壤温度比半阳坡低1.6倍、比阳坡低2.2倍,半阳坡土壤温度比阳坡低1.3倍.土壤水分与其深度呈二次函数的抛物线变化关系,土壤温度与其深度呈线性函数关系,深度每增加10 cm,其温度降低约0.536℃.亚高山灌丛林比乔木林土壤水分高1.5倍、比草地高1.7倍,乔林比草地土壤水分高1.2倍.亚高山灌丛林比乔木林土壤温度低1.6倍、比草地低2.3倍,乔木林土壤温度比草地低1.4倍.高海拔半阴坡灌丛林土壤温度变化最剧烈,低海拔阳坡草地土壤变化较小.研究成果可为探索流域水资源管理及利用提供科学依据和参考资料.

关键词: 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 海拔, 坡向, 坡度, 大野口流域, 祁连山

Abstract:

Soil water and temperature impact greatly the function of water conservation. In order to study space change of water conservation function in a basin, the Dayekou basin in the Qilian Mountains has been chosen to study the spatial variation characteristics of soil temperature, and one million data has been obtained by 90 detectors of soil moisture and temperature, which has been analyzed by using the methods of variation coefficient. Results showed that:(1) There is a variation trend that soil moisture increases with altitude by a rate of about 2.35%·(100m)^-1, and soil temperature decreases with altitude by a rate of about 0.74℃·(100m)^-1.(2) The soil moisture on half-shady slopes is 1.2 times higher than that on half-sunny slopes, and 1.7 times higher than that on sunny slopes, and the soil moisture on half-sunny slopes is 1.4 times higher than that on sunny slopes. The soil temperature on half-shady slopes is 1.6 times lower than that on half-sunny slopes, and 2.2 times lower than that on sunny slopes, and the soil temperature on half-sunny slopes was 1.3 times lower than that on sunny slopes.(3) The correlation between soil moisture and depth is a quadratic parabola relation, with a linear temperature decreasing rate of about 0.536℃ per 10 cm.(4) The soil moisture under sub-alpine scrub forest is 1.5 times higher than that under arbor forest, 1.7 times higher than that under grass, and the soil moisture under arbor forest is 1.2 times higher than that under grass; The soil temperature under sub alpine is 1.6 times lower than that under arbor forest, and 2.3 times lower than under grassland. The soil temperature under arbor forest is 1.4 times lower than that under grassland.(5) The variation of soil temperature is the most severe on high altitude and half shady slopes, and the variation of soil temperature under grassland is the lowest on low altitude slopes and sunny or half-sunny slopes. This research conclusion is useful for searching river basin water balance and water conservation function, adjusting and managing stand structure and utilizing water resources.

Key words: soil moisture, soil temperature, altitude, slope direction, slope, Dayekou basin, Qilian Mountains

中图分类号:

P461+.4

牛赟, 刘贤德, 苗毓鑫, 车宗玺. 祁连山大野口流域土壤水热空间变化特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(5): 1353-1360.

NIU Yun, LIU Xiande, MIAO Yuxin, CHE Zongxi. Research on the spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture and temperature in Dayekou basin of the Qilian Mountains[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(5): 1353-1360.

参考文献

[1] Toy T J, Kuhaida Jr A J, Munson B E. The prediction of mean monthly soil temperature from mean monthly air temperature[J]. Soil Science, 1978, 126(3):181-189.

[2] Meikle R W, Treadway T R. A mathematical method for estimating soil temperature in Canada[J]. Soil Science, 1981, 131(5):320-326.

[3] Zhang Wei, Wang Genxu, Zhou Jian, et al. Soil hydrothermal process simulation based on CoupModel in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(5):1099-1109.[张伟, 王根绪, 周剑, 等. 基于CoupModel的青藏高原多年冻土区土壤水热过程模拟[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(5):1099-1109.]

[4] Chen Hao, Nan Zhuotong, Wang Shugong, et al. The simulation of hydrothermal process in typical stand in Heihe upstream mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(1):126-137.[陈浩, 南卓铜, 王书功, 等. 黑河上游山区典型站的水热过程模拟研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(1):126-137.]

[5] Zhou Maichun, Gao Yongtong, Liu Yuan. Matching Xin'an Jiang Model and TOPMODEL for describing spatial soil moisture patterns over the catchment[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science), 2010, 46(3):245-253.[周买春, 高咏彤, 刘远. 结合新安江模型和TOPMODEL模型对流域土壤水分空间分布模式的描述(英文)[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 46(3):245-253.]

[6] Zhang Huizhi, Shi Xuezheng, Yu Dongsheng, et al. Spatial prediction of soil temperatures in China using different method[J]. Geographical Research, 2008, 27(6):1299-1307.[张慧智, 史学正, 于东升, 等. 中国土壤温度的空间插值方法比较[J]. 地理研究, 2008, 27(6):1299-1307.]

[7] Wang Jinye, Chang Xuexiang, Ge Shuanglan, et al. Vertical distribution of the vegetation and water and heat conditions of Qilian Mountain(northern slope)[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2001, 16(S1):1-3.[王金叶, 常学向, 葛双兰, 等. 祁连山(北坡)水热状况与植被垂直分布[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2001, 16(S1):1-3.]

[8] NiuYun, Zhang Hongbin, Liu Xiande, et al. The characteristics of spatial and temporal soil moisture changes under the main vegetation in Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2002, 20(6):723-726.[牛赟, 张宏斌, 刘贤德, 等. 祁连山主要植被下土壤水的时空动态变化特征[J]. 山地学报, 2002, 20(6):723-726.]

[9] Zhang Quan, Liu Yongmei, Yang Qinke, et al. Analysis on characteristics of spatial variation of soil moisture in degraded alpine meadow in Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(1):88-94.[张泉, 刘咏梅, 杨勤科, 等. 祁连山退化高寒草甸土壤水分空间变异特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1):88-94.]

[10] Yang Xueming. Soil moisture and temperature regimes and soil taxonomy[J]. Soils, 1988, 21(2):110-113.[杨学明. 土壤水热状况与土壤系统分类[J]. 土壤, 1988, 21(2):110-113.]

[11] Feng Xuemin, Cai Deli. Soil temperature in related to air temperature, altitude and latitude[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004, 41(3):489-491.[冯学民, 蔡德利. 土壤温度与气温及纬度和海拔关系的研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(3):489-491.]

[12] Wang Jing, Wen Yali, Liu Sirui, et al. Feature analysis on water and temperature of moss litter and soil of Picea crassifolia in Dayekou basin of Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2014(6):107-113.[王谨, 温娅丽, 刘思瑞, 等. 祁连山大野口流域青海云杉林苔藓枯落物及其土壤水热特征分析[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2014(6):107-113.]

[13] Li Jing, Sheng Yu,Wu Jichun, et al. The hydrothermal variation characteristics of spatial and temporal in shallow soil in permafrost regions of Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(4):994-1001.[李静, 盛煜, 吴吉春, 等. 祁连山大通河源多年冻土区浅层土壤水热时空变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(4):994-1001.]

[14] Zhang Yanlin, Cheng Guodong, Li Xin, et al. The sensitivity analysis of impact of hydrothermal process on solar radiation[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(3):650-659.[张艳林, 程国栋, 李新, 等. 山区太阳辐射对水热过程影响的敏感性分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(3):650-659.]

[16] Niu Yun, Liu Xiande, Zhang Hu, et al. Analysis and evaluation on permeability function of soil of water of resource conservation forest in Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2001, 16(S1):35-38.[牛赟, 刘贤德, 张虎. 祁连山水源涵养林土壤渗透功能的分析与评价[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2001, 16(S1):35-38.]

[17] Wang Jing, Niu Yun, Jing Wenmao, et al. Comparative study on woodland and meadow of meteorological factors, soil properties and its evaporation in composite basin of Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2014, 34(10):90-94.[王瑾, 牛赟, 敬文茂, 等. 祁连山林草复合流域气象因子、土壤特性及其蒸发对比研究[J]. 中南林业科学大学学报, 2014, 34(10):90-94.]

[18] Yan Wende, Wang Jinye, Wang Yanhui, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in Pailugou basin of Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2006, 21(3):21-25.[闫文德, 王金叶, 王彦辉, 等. 祁连山排露沟流域土壤水分时空分布[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2006, 21(3):21-25.]

[19] Niu Yun, Liu Xiande, Jing Wenmao, et al. Comparative study on climate gradient changes in the north slope of Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2013, 48(2):86-91.[牛赟, 刘贤德, 敬文茂, 等. 祁连山北坡气候梯度变化对比研究[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2013, 48(2):86-91.]

[20] Niu Yun, Liu Xiande, Jing Wenmao. et al. Characteristics of temperature, soil freezing and thawing, and river flow in Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50(1):27-31.[牛赟, 刘贤德, 敬文茂, 等. 祁连山排露沟流域气温、冻土冻融与河川径流特征[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(1):27-31.]

[1]	张宇欣, 李育, 朱耿睿. 青藏高原海拔要素对温度、降水和气候型分布格局的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(3): 505-515.
[2]	晋子振, 秦翔, 孙维君, 陈记祖, 张晓鹏, 刘宇硕, 李延召. 祁连山西段冰川区与非冰川区气温梯度年内变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(2): 282-292.
[3]	王研峰, 王聚杰, 尹宪志, 程鹏, 王蓉. 祁连山云特征参数及人工增雨研究进展与展望[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(2): 434-443.
[4]	杨文静, 王一博, 刘鑫, 孙哲. 基于BP神经网络的青藏高原土壤养分评价[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(1): 215-226.
[5]	秦艳慧, 吴通华, 李韧, 胡国杰, 乔永平, 朱小凡, 杨淑华, 余文君, 王蔚华. 基于GIPL2模型的青藏高原活动层土壤热状况模拟研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(6): 1153-1166.
[6]	高雅芳, 王雷, 杜海波, 吴正方, 杨岳, 郭湘宇, 李思其. 长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(4): 702-714.
[7]	马素辉, 牟翠翠, 郭红, 张现凯, 栗泽苑, 张廷军. 祁连山黑河上游多年冻土区不同植被类型土壤有机碳密度分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 426-433.
[8]	韩涛, 王大为, 李丽丽. FY-3A/MERSI积雪制图中NDSI指标建立及积雪判识模型研究——以祁连山区为例[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 511-527.
[9]	李时越, 杨凯, 王澄海. 陆面模式CLM4.5在青藏高原土壤冻融期的偏差特征及其原因[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(2): 322-334.
[10]	梁爽, 杨国东, 李晓峰, 赵凯, 姜涛. 基于SNTHERM雪热力模型的东北地区季节冻土温度模拟[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(2): 335-345.
[11]	曹志, 范昊明. 我国东北低山区不同坡位积雪特性研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 989-996.
[12]	蒋友严, 杜文涛, 黄进, 赵慧珍, 王成福. 2000-2015年祁连山植被变化分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 1130-1136.
[13]	王涛, 高峰, 王宝, 王鹏龙, 王勤花, 宋华龙, 尹常亮. 祁连山生态保护与修复的现状问题与建议[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(2): 229-234.
[14]	冯芳, 冯起, 刘贤德, 刘蔚, 金爽. 祁连山中段排露沟流域水化学特征及成因[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(2): 407-415.
[15]	谷良雷, 姚济敏, 胡泽勇, 赵林. 藏北高原典型季节冻土区和多年冻土区小气候特征对比研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(6): 1482-1490.

祁连山大野口流域土壤水热空间变化特征研究

Research on the spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture and temperature in Dayekou basin of the Qilian Mountains

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 10