冰尘结构特征及形成分析——以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0126

冰川冻土 ›› 2013, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1118-1125.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0126

冰尘结构特征及形成分析——以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例

许慧¹, 李忠勤^1,2, Nozomu Takeuchi³, 张晓宇¹, 张国飞²

1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃兰州 730070;
3. 日本千叶大学理学研究科地球科学科, 日本千叶 263-8522

收稿日期:2013-01-03 修回日期:2013-06-23 出版日期:2013-10-25 发布日期:2013-11-07
作者简介:许慧(1988-),女,甘肃金昌人,2011年毕业于鲁东大学,现为中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所在读硕士研究生,主要从事冰川有机质对冰川消融的影响研究.E-mail:xuhui1988828@163.com
基金资助:
国家重大科学研究计划(超级973计划)项目(2013CBA01801);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青年人才基金项目(51Y251B51);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室项目(SKLCS-ZZ-2012-01-01);国家自然科学基金项目(41201065;41001040;41171057;41261017;41101066)资助

Characteristics and Formation Analysis of Cryoconite Granules：Take the Ürümqi Glacier No. 1 as an Example

XU Hui¹, LI Zhong-qin^1,2, Nozomu Takeuchi³, ZHANG Xiao-yu¹, ZHANG Guo-fei²

1. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China;
2. College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China;
3. Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

Received:2013-01-03 Revised:2013-06-23 Online:2013-10-25 Published:2013-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2007-2010年夏季在乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川采集的5个冰样, 对冰样中冰尘的特征、冰尘中蓝藻的种类及冰尘中无机矿物颗粒的粒度特征进行了分析研究. 研究表明: 冰尘为棕色球状聚合体, 粒径为0.27~3.5 mm, 分布在冰川消融区表面, 其组成成分为有机质、无机矿物颗粒和微生物. 冰尘有4种主要的内部结构: 类型Ⅰ, 具有同心层结构的冰尘;类型Ⅱ, 带有亚颗粒的冰尘;类型Ⅲ, 内部无明显结构的冰尘;类型Ⅳ, 中心位置处具有较大无机颗粒的冰尘. 冰尘中无机矿物颗粒的数量主要分布在d<3.5 μm的范围内, 且体积分布的粒径众数介于3~25 μm之间. 同时, 对冰尘中的蓝藻进行了16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析, 共从蓝藻16S rRNA基因文库中筛选了247个阳性克隆, RFLP分型得到10个不同的OTUs. BLAST比对, 系统发育分析将这10个OTUs归为颤藻目(Oscillatoriales)、色球藻目(Chroococcales)、未定种(Unclassified). 颤藻目为绝对优势类群, 占整个基因克隆文库的91%. 经估算, 冰尘中存在大量的有机物质和微生物, 无机矿物颗粒只占了很小的比例, 表明影响冰川消融区表面反照率的主要因素为冰尘中的有机部分, 包括有机物质和微生物.

关键词: 冰尘, 有机物质, 蓝藻, 无机矿物颗粒, 冰川反照率

Abstract: 5 ice samples were taken from the Ürümqi Glacier No.1, Tian Shan, China from July 2007 to June 2010. The samples were analyzed for the structure, formation process of cryoconite granules, cyanobacteria species and characteristics of mineral particles in cryoconite. It is found that granules were distributed over the entire ice surface of the ablation area, and ranged in size from 0.26 to 3.5 mm (mean 1.1 mm). It mainly consisted of organic matter, mineral particles and microbes. Microscopy of a thin section revealed four inner structures. Type Ⅰ, most granules had concentric layers of dense organic matter, which are probably derived from annual growth of the granules by the activity of cyanobacteria. Type Ⅱ, some granules contained two or more sub granules. Type Ⅲ, there were also granules that had no specific internal structure. Type Ⅳ, some granules had relatively large mineral particles at their center. The 16S rRNA genes were amplified from the total DNA by PCR with bacteria-specific primers and constructed a clone library. Positive clones were randomly selected from the library and identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP). The unique RFLP pattern corresponded sequences were sequenced, BLAST and then constructed phylogenetic tree. In total, 247 positive clones were screened and grouped into 10 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). 10 OTUs were divided into 3 phyla with Blast analysis and RDP classifer: Oscillatoriales, Chroococcales, Unclassified. Oscillatoriales(91%) was the absolutely dominant group. Mean mass concentration of mineral particles is d<3.5 μm. Volume size distributions of mineral particles showed single-model structures having volume median diameters from 3 to 25 μm. There have abundant organic matter and microbe in cryoconite. Thus, the main factor of lower albedo is organic part, include organic matter and microbes.

Key words: cryoconite, organic material, cyanobacteria, mineral particles, albedo

中图分类号:

P343.6

许慧, 李忠勤, Nozomu Takeuchi, 张晓宇, 张国飞. 冰尘结构特征及形成分析——以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(5): 1118-1125.

XU Hui, LI Zhong-qin, Nozomu Takeuchi, ZHANG Xiao-yu, ZHANG Guo-fei. Characteristics and Formation Analysis of Cryoconite Granules：Take the Ürümqi Glacier No. 1 as an Example[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2013, 35(5): 1118-1125.

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冰尘结构特征及形成分析——以乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例

Characteristics and Formation Analysis of Cryoconite Granules：Take the Ürümqi Glacier No. 1 as an Example

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