1965-2012年甘肃平凉地区大雪天气气候特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0172

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用甘肃平凉地区7个气象自动站1965-2012年的逐日气象整编资料, 统计出近48 a来大雪天气出现次数, 分析了平凉大雪天气的统计特征和气候变化规律, 然后用近14 a历史天气图资料对31次大雪过程进行对比分型, 总结出三类天气形势的特征. 结果表明: 1965-2012年48 a来, 平凉大雪天气出现次数总体变化趋势不显著; 大雪天气多集中出现在秋冬、冬春冷暖季节交替的时期, 冬春交替期间出现次数多于秋冬交替期间, 隆冬季节出现次数相对较少. 平凉产生大雪天气的主要天气形势有三类: 高原低槽型、西风带小槽型和阻高-横槽型, 三类形势中最多的是高原低槽型, 其他两类出现概率相差不到10个百分点.

关键词: 平凉, 大雪, 气候特征, 天气形势

Abstract: In this paper, based on the daily meteorological data from seven automatic stations in Pingliang Prefecture of Gansu Province from 1965 to 2012, the number of heavy snow events during the 48 years were calculated, and the statistical characteristics of heavy snow event, as well as climate variation were analyzed. At last, three conceptual synoptic situation were established by using comparative and contrastive analyses of historical synoptic charts of the last 14 years, which involve 31 heavy snow events. It is found that 1) there was no overall changing tendency of heavy snow frequency in Pingliang Prefecture during the 48 years; 2) heavy snow events in the municipal always concentrated in the alternant phases from autumn to winter and from winter to spring, more in the phase from winter to spring and less in the phase from autumn to winter, and rare in the mid winter; 3) there were three conceptual synoptic situation of heavy snow event, i.e., plateau low trough type, small westerly trough type and blocking high pressure-transverse trough type, of which the plateau low trough type appeared most frequently.

Key words: Pingliang Prefecture, heavy snow, climatic characteristics, synoptic situation

中图分类号:

P426.63

王丽娜, 王若升, 李常德. 1965-2012年甘肃平凉地区大雪天气气候特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(6): 1450-1455.

WANG Lina, WANG Ruosheng, LI Changde. Study of the weather and climatic characteristics of heavy snow events in Pingliang Prefecture of Gansu Province from 1965 to 2012[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2014, 36(6): 1450-1455.

参考文献

[1] Li Dongliang, Liu Dexiang. Climate of Gansu Province[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2000: 287-310. [李栋梁, 刘德祥. 甘肃气候[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2000: 287-310.]
[2] Zhou Lusheng, Li Haihong, Jiang Qingchun. The basic characteristics of heavy snow process and distribution over the pastoral areas in eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2000, 19(4): 450-458. [周陆生, 李海红, 江青春. 青藏高原东部牧区大-暴雪过程及雪灾分布的基本特征[J]. 高原气象, 2000, 19(4): 450-458.]
[3] Yang Lianmei, Yang Tao, Jia Lihong, et al. Analyses of the climate characteristics and water vapor of heavy snow in Xinjiang region[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005, 27(3): 389-396. [杨莲梅, 杨涛, 贾丽红, 等. 新疆大-暴雪气候特征及其水汽分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2005, 27(3): 389-396.]
[4] Chang Jun, Li Zhen, Bu Yalin, et al. Weather model of heavy snow and snowstorm and application and interpretation of numerical forecasting products[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences, 2007, 30(3): 54-56. [常军, 李祯, 布亚林, 等. 大到暴雪天气模型及数值产品释用预报方法[J]. 气象与环境科学, 2007, 30(3): 54-56.]
[5] Wang Xijuan, Shi Xinghe, Xu Liang, et al. Variation of snow disaster and circulation characteristics in early winter snowstorms in southern Qinghai region[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 2007, 35(3): 345-350. [王希娟, 时兴合, 徐良, 等. 青海南部地区初冬雪灾变化及环流特征[J]. 气象科技, 2007, 35(3): 345-350.]
[6] Li Yanying, Zhang Qiang, Sun Aizhi, et al. Climate characteristics of snowfall over the Qilian Mountain and its ambient areas[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2008, 30(3): 383-391. [李岩瑛, 张强, 孙爱芝, 等. 祁连山及周边地区降雪气候特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2008, 30(3): 383-391.]
[7] Chen Shiqiang, Lü Shihua, Ao Yinhuan, et al. Characteristics of the radiation on snow cover at the margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2009, 31(5): 866-870. [陈世强, 吕世华, 奥银焕, 等. 青藏高原边缘积雪辐射特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2009, 31(5): 866-870.]
[8] Han Hui, Meng Lixia. Spatial variation analysis of precipitation in Gansu Province in recent 46 years[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2010, 28(1): 30-34. [韩晖, 孟丽霞. 甘肃省近46 a年降水结构空间变化分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2010, 28(1): 30-34.]
[9] Xu Xingkui. Spatiotemporal variation and regional distribution characteristics of snowfall in China from 1970 to 2000[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(3): 497-503. [徐兴奎. 1970-2000年中国降雪量变化和区域性分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(3): 497-503.]
[10] Ding Yonghong, Feng Jianmin, Zhao Wei, et al. Characteristics and variation of heavy snow in Ningxia region in 1961-2009[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(6): 1399-1406. [丁永红, 冯建民, 赵蔚, 等. 1961-2009年宁夏大到暴雪气候特征和变化规律[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(6): 1399-1406.]
[11] Zhao Yong, Cui Caixia, Li Xia. Climatic characteristics of winter precipitation in northern Xinjiang region[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(2): 292-299. [赵勇, 崔彩霞, 李霞. 北疆冬季降水的气候特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(2): 292-299.]
[12] Fan Xiaochun, Wang Ruosheng, Wang Lina, et al. Diagnostic analysis of "7·23" rare heavy rainfall in eastern of Gansu[C]//Strong Precipitation Papers over Northeastern Slope of Tibetan Plateau. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2012: 70-77. [樊晓春, 王若升, 王丽娜, 等. "7·23"甘肃东部罕见大暴雨诊断分析[C]//青藏高原东北坡强降水论文集. 北京: 气象出版社, 2012: 70-77.]
[13] Guo Cheng, Li Boyuan, Yang Sen, et al. Analysis of climate characteristics of heavy snowstorm in Altay region of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2012, 30(4): 604-608. [郭城, 李博渊, 杨森, 等. 新疆阿勒泰地区大到暴雪天气气候特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2012, 30(4): 604-608.]
[14] Dou Tingfeng, Xiao Cunde, Guo Rui, et al. Analysis on features of snow cover on the Arctic sea ice in summer of 2008[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(1): 43-48. [窦挺峰, 效存德, 郭锐, 等. 2008年夏季北冰洋海冰表面积雪特征初步分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(1): 43-48.]
[15] Hu Yicheng, Wei Wenshou, Yuan Yujiang, et al. Reconstruction and analysis of January-February snowfall in the Altay Prefecture during 1818-2006[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(2): 319-327. [胡义成, 魏文寿, 袁玉江, 等. 基于树轮的阿勒泰地区1818-2006年1-2月降雪量重建与分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(2): 319-327.]
[16] Hu Liequn, Li Shuai, Liang Fengchao. Analysis of the variation characteristics of snow covers in Xinjiang region during recent 50 years[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(4): 793-800. [胡列群, 李帅, 梁凤超. 新疆区域近50 a积雪变化特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(4): 793-800.]
[17] Lou Mengyun, Liu Zhihong, Lou Shaoming, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of snow cover in Xinjiang from 2002 to 2011[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(5): 1095-1102. [娄梦筠, 刘志红, 娄少明, 等. 2002-2011年新疆积雪时空分布特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(5): 1095-1102.]
[18] Li Hongmei, Li Lin, Gao Ge, et al. Snow disaster in Qinghai Plateau: Risk division and countermeasure[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(3): 656-661. [李红梅, 李林, 高歌, 等. 青海高原雪灾风险区划及对策建议[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(3): 656-661.]