青海柴达木盆地林线附近祁连圆柏叶片功能性状的变化特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林线作为高山系统中郁闭林与无林高山植被带间特殊的生态过渡带, 对全球气候变化极为敏感. 柴达木盆地林线附近的祁连圆柏作为青藏高原东北部高山生态系统中海拔分布最高的单一优势树种, 是研究林线植物响应气候变化的理想材料. 为明确祁连圆柏重要叶片功能性状对林线附近环境变化的响应模式, 分别测定了东、西两个坡向上林线附近(郁闭林、林线和树线)祁连圆柏的叶片干物质含量(LDMC)、单位面积的叶片重量(LMA)、叶片碳稳定同位素(δ¹³C)、叶片单位重量的碳氮含量(C_mass, N_mass)、碳氮比(C/N)、叶片自由水含量(FW)和叶片自由水与束缚水比(FW/BW). 结果显示:LMA、δ¹³C和C_mass在林线附近无显著变化, 但林线和树线的N_mass、FW及FW/BW显著高于郁闭林, 而LDMC和C/N则相反; 在不同坡向上, 西坡LMA显著高于东坡. 此外, FW与LDMC、N_mass显著正相关, 而FW与FW/BW、LMA与C_mass以及N_mass与C/N显著负相关. 以上结果表明, 祁连圆柏作为我国西北高山生态系统中耐旱、耐寒的树种在林线附近并未受到明显的水分胁迫, 其可能主要通过提高叶片自由水含量、光合能力、含氮渗透调节物含量等策略来适应林线附近的恶劣生境, 以保证自身的正常生长发育.

关键词: 祁连圆柏, 林线, 坡向, 碳稳定同位素, 比叶重

Abstract:

As the special ecotone from the closed forest line to the tree limit in alpine zone, timberline is highly vulnerable to climate change, and the trees near the timberline are very sensitive to environmental change. Sabina przewalskii is the dominant tree species in alpine ecosystems in the northeast Tibetan Plateau, mainly distributed at dry south-facing and infertile slopes. To test the response patterns of the leaf functional traits in Sabina przewalskii along the environmental gradient near the alpine timberline, the following items were measured:leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf mass per unit area (LMA), leaf stable carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C), leaf carbon content per unit mass (C_mass), leaf nitrogen content per unit mass (N_mass), leaf carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), leaf free water content (FW) and the ratio of leaf free water content and leaf bound water content (FW/BW) in Sabina przewalskii on the west-facing and east-facing slopes near timberline of the Qaidam Basin in the northeast Tibetan Plateau. It is found that N_mass, FW and FW/BW of Sabina przewalskii located in the sites of treeline and tree species line were higher than that in the sites of closed forest, while that of LDMC and C/N showed the opposite patterns, even LMA, δ¹³C and C_masshad no remarkable changes in near timberline of both west-facing and east-facing slopes. Meanwhile, LMA only changed significantly near timberline in west-facing slope. In addition, FW was positively related with LDMC and N_mass, and negatively related with FW/BW. Negative relationships between LMA and C_mass, N_mass and C/N were also found. Overall, these results indicated that Sabina przewalskii as a drought and cold tolerant native tree species in the alpine ecosystem mainly accommodates the harsh environment by the way of higher leaf free water content, photosynthetic capacity and some nitrogenous compounds.

Key words: Sabina przewalskii, timberline, slope aspect, stable carbon isotope, leaf mass per area

中图分类号:

Q944.5

杨淑丽, 高贤良, 陈立同, 张晓玮. 青海柴达木盆地林线附近祁连圆柏叶片功能性状的变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(1): 80-86.

YANG Shuli, GAO Xianliang, CHEN Litong, ZHANG Xiaowei. Variations in leaf functional traits of Sabina przewalskii near the alpine timberline in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(1): 80-86.

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