泥流型黄土滑坡的特征与成因

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄土地区一些小型沟谷的沟脑和沟岸常发生黄土滑坡, 并沿沟远程滑动数百米至千余米, 有时大量滑体滑出沟口形成大面积的扇状堆积体, 造成严重的灾害损失. 虽然此类滑坡的平面形态与粘性泥流类似, 但其发生除由暴雨直接引发外, 也可能由滞后降水、地震、冻融、灌溉等引发. 泥流型黄土滑坡沿沟道的运动具有明显的相对固定的滑动面和滑动带, 与一般的粘性泥流差异较大, 更具滑坡的特征, 属于一种特殊的黄土滑坡. 暴雨引发的泥流型黄土滑坡的前缘部分滑体可转化为泥流, 形成滑坡-泥流灾害链. 通过对近年来发生的典型泥流型黄土滑坡实例分析, 论述了该类滑坡的特征、成因和灾害属性, 为此类滑坡的研究与防治提供一定的参考.

关键词: 泥流型黄土滑坡, 黄土, 滑坡, 泥流, 沟道, 远程滑动

Abstract: Landslides often occur in the heads and banks of some small valleys in loess area, and sliding distantly along the ditches, from a few hundred to thousand meters. Sometimes, a large number of landslide deposits sliding out of the channel and forming a large fan-shaped deposit and bringing about unexpected loss. The shape of such landslides is similar to the viscous mudflow, but its causes not only by heavy rains but also by precipitation hysteresis, earthquake, freezing and thawing and irrigation. When the landslide slides along the channel, there are obvious and relative fixed sliding surface and sliding zone. Such landslides have more characteristics of landslide, and differences with mudflow. Thus, it is thought that it is a special kind of landslide and called mudflow-landslides in loess. The front part of the sliding body triggered by heavy rains may be transformed to mudflow, forming a landslide-mudflow disaster chain. The causes and characteristics of such landslides are analyzed in this paper through the cases of the mudflow-landslides in loess in recent years.

Key words: mudflow-landslides in loess, loess, landslides, mudslide, channel, long-distant sliding

中图分类号:

P642.22

吴玮江, 王国亚, 任路滨, 刘兴荣, 姚正学, 叶伟林. 泥流型黄土滑坡的特征与成因[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(1): 138-146.

WU Weijiang, WANG Guoya, REN Lubin, LIU Xingrong, YAO Zhengxue, YE Weilin. Characteristics and causes of the mudflow-landslides in loess[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(1): 138-146.

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