西北高寒干旱区哈尔腾河流域植被覆盖变化及其对全球气候变化的响应

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于ArcGIS软件, 对哈尔腾河流域1990年、 2000年、 2010年3期Landsat5-TM遥感影像分6种土地覆盖类型进行解译. 结果表明: 近20 a来, 研究区无植被区面积呈净减少趋势, 减少 2 192.37 km²; 上游高海拔地区草地面积增加明显, 新增1 938.15 km², 新增面积约占流域总面积的10%, 哈尔腾河流域呈显著绿化趋势; 冰雪面积增加210.39 km², 主要是沿原有冰雪的前缘延伸. 各种覆盖类型之间的转换主要表现为无植被区向其他5种类型的转变, 反向转换则比较少; 三种草地之间的转换主要表现为由低向中、高覆盖类型的转换. 气温的升高与降雨量的增加是该流域土地覆盖变化的主要影响因素. 气候变化明显改善了流域上游的植被覆盖, 但“引哈济党”工程调水1.0×10⁸ m³后将对流域下游大苏干湖的生态系统产生一定影响. 应未雨绸缪, 加强监测和评估.

关键词: 气候变化, 哈尔腾河流域, 土地覆盖变化, 影响因素, “引哈济党”

Abstract: Based on ArcGIS software, the Landsat5-TM remote sensing images of the Harten River basin in 1990, 2000 and 2010 were interpreted according to six land cover types. The results indicate that in the twenty years, the non-vegetation areas had decreased 2 192.37 km²; in the high altitude upstream areas, grassland had obviously increased, with an increased area of 1 938.15 km², about 10% of the total basin area. As a result, the basin had significantly greened. The glacierized area had increased by 210.39 km², mainly due to glacier advancing. The non-vegetation land had mainly converted into the other five land types, with a rare reverse transformation. Conversion among high, medium and low coverage grasslands had usually be seen, but mostly one could see the low coverage grassland converted to medium and high coverage grasslands. The rising temperature and the increasing precipitation were the main factors of the land cover type change. Climate change has significantly improved the upstream vegetation. However, “The Water Diversion Project from Harten River to Danghe River”, which will transfer 1.0×10⁸ m³ (interbasin) water from the Harten River to the Danghe River, would further affect the ecological system in the Dasugan Lake in the downstream area. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and evaluation.

Key words: climate change, Harten River basin, land coverage change, influencing factors, “The Water Diversion Project from Harten River to Danghe River”

中图分类号:

Q948.11

何红, 牛叔文, 齐敬辉. 西北高寒干旱区哈尔腾河流域植被覆盖变化及其对全球气候变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(4): 963-972.

HE Hong, NIU Shuwen, QI Jinghui. Vegetation in the Harten River basin in the alpine and arid regions of Northwest China: variation and response to climate change[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(4): 963-972.

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