原状枯落物覆盖对土壤温度及冻融过程的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0185

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示枯落物在调节土壤温度及土壤冻融过程方面的作用, 对8 cm油松林原状枯落物覆盖(C8)、4 cm油松林原状枯落物覆盖(C4)、8 cm柞树林原状枯落物覆盖(B8)和裸地(CK)4种处理条件下10 cm、20 cm、30 cm、40 cm、50 cm和60 cm深度的土壤温度进行监测, 结果表明: (1) 枯落物覆盖可以延长观测层土壤冻结期, C8观测层完成冻结比CK滞后18 d. (2) 枯落物覆盖对观测层土壤温度的影响具有双重性, 始冻期和完全冻结期具有保温效应, 解冻期主要为隔热降温效应. (3) 枯落物覆盖对30 cm以上土壤影响强于深层, C8处理下仅20 cm以上土层对气温变化敏感. (4) 枯落物对土壤温度的调解作用与覆盖枯落物的厚度和结构有关, 枯落物越厚, 结构越完整, 其调节土壤温度的作用越明显, 不同枯落物覆盖下的土壤温度差异系数为CK > C4 > B8 > C8.

关键词: 枯落物, 土壤温度, 冻结, 融化

Abstract: Forest warms soil in the cool season, but the influence of the canopy and the litter have not been distinguished. In order to reveal the effect of litter on soil temperature and freeze-thaw process, the black soil in the Northeast China was covered by 8 cm undisturbed litter collected from pine forest (C8), 4 cm undisturbed litter collected from pine forest (C4), 8 cm undisturbed litter collected from oak forest (B8) and litter-free (CK), and then the soil temperature at the depth of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 cm were measured hourly from December, 2013 to March, 2014. The results showed that: 1) Soil freezing duration of the monitored layers would be extended by undisturbed litter, for instance, soil covered by C8 would begin to freeze about 18 days later than that covered by CK in the beginning frozen stage of the monitored layers; the soil thawing process would be not so simple, such as soil covered by C4 and B8 would begin to thaw less than 10 d, while the thawing process of soil covered by C8 would last 22 d. 2) The effect of litter coverage on soil temperature has dual nature: keep the beneath soil warm in the beginning freezing period and heat insulation and heat control in the thawing period. 3) The effect of litter coverage on soil temperature is stronger in the first 30 cm depth, and for the soil covered by C4 only the first 20 cm depth is sensitive to air temperature. 4) The influence of litter coverage on soil temperature is related to the thickness and structure of the litter, which means the thicker the litter and the more complete the litter structure, the stronger effect on soil temperature; and the diversity factors of soil temperature under different litter coverages decline in the order of CK, C4, B8, C8.

Key words: litter, soil temperature, freeze, thaw

中图分类号:

P642.14

李光南, 贾燕锋, 范昊明, 高双. 原状枯落物覆盖对土壤温度及冻融过程的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(6): 1680-1687.

LI Guangnan, JIA Yanfeng, FAN Haoming, GAO Shuang. Effect of undisturbed litter on soil temperature and freeze-thaw process of black soil[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(6): 1680-1687.

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