山脉走向对降水中δ18O垂直递减率的影响——以黑河流域上游祁连山区为例

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准确定量计算降水中稳定同位素的垂直递减率对水文、古气候及古海拔高度重建等研究有重要意义.使用方差分析方法，分析了黑河流域上游祁连山区3个站点2007年10月至2008年9月降水中δ¹⁸O与海拔的关系.结果表明：由于青藏高原北缘气候特征受西风环流控制，水汽的主要运移路径与祁连山脉走向基本平行，导致降水过程中缺乏水汽沿海拔爬升的过程，以及存在广泛的水汽混合等因素的影响，使得在显著性水平α=0.05下，祁连山区海拔1600～3300 m之间降水中δ¹⁸O在年尺度和季节尺度上均没有表现出明显的高程效应，其年均值为-7.1‰.结果说明除水汽来源外，山脉走向与主要水汽运移轨迹之间的空间关系也是影响降水中稳定同位素特征的重要因素.最后，讨论了青藏高原降水δ¹⁸O垂直递减率的区域变化特征.

关键词: 降水, δ¹⁸O, 垂直递减率, 祁连山区

Abstract: The precipitation δ¹⁸O-elevation gradients is great significant for paleoclimate, hydrologic, paleoelevation studies. The field setting for this research is the mountain area within the Qilian Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau. Three stations are contained within the upper reaches of Heihe river basin in the eastern Qilian Mountains. Three stations are Yingluoxia and Qilian hydrologic stations, Yeniugou meteorological station, respectively, and Yingluoxia hydrologic station is the dividing point between the upper and middle reaches of the Heihe river basin. The altitudes of these plots range from 1600-3300 m. Summer precipitation is predominance in the annual precipitation budget, and a maximum regional winter/summer precipitation ratio(W:S)is 0.24. By analysis of variance(ANOVA), the precipitation δ¹⁸O data collected from three plots was analyzed, which the data set span a year of precipitation sampling from October 2007 to September 2008. The results show that δ¹⁸O-elevation gradient is not significant(α=0.05)at a seasonal or yearly scale in this region, and precipitationweighted mean δ¹⁸O is -7.1‰. Mechanisms that have been proposed to explain this result consider the role of two processes, including(1)mixing of moisture sources, a process common in an arid and semiarid region, (2)lacking of a process of water vapor climbing along slope in the precipitation system because of atmospheric water vapor mainly traveling along the Qilian Mountain range and its transport pathway being parallel to the Qilian mountain orientation, as a result of this region dominated by westerlies and the west-east direction of the Qilian mountains. We demonstrate that spatial relationship between water vapor transport pathway and mountain range orientation is the important factors associated with the characteristic of stable isotopes in precipitation besides water vapor source. As a result, consideration of the altitude effect on precipitation δ¹⁸O of this study is necessary in order to re-recognize timing and location of groundwater recharge in the Heihe river basin.

Key words: precipitation, δ¹⁸O, altitude effect, Qilian Mountains

中图分类号:

P426.61

贺建桥, 张伟, 周剑, 吴玉伟. 山脉走向对降水中δ¹⁸O垂直递减率的影响——以黑河流域上游祁连山区为例[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(2): 359-367.

HE Jianqiao, ZHANG Wei, ZHOU Jian, WU Yuwei. The impact of mountain range orientation on the lapse rate of precipitation δ¹⁸O in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin in the Qilian Mountains[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2016, 38(2): 359-367.

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山脉走向对降水中δ¹⁸O垂直递减率的影响——以黑河流域上游祁连山区为例

The impact of mountain range orientation on the lapse rate of precipitation δ¹⁸O in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin in the Qilian Mountains

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