青藏高原若尔盖生态区水资源对气候变化的响应

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0056

冰川冻土 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 498-508.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0056

青藏高原若尔盖生态区水资源对气候变化的响应

刘佳^{1 2}, 陈超^{1 2}, 秦宁生^{1 2}, 李小兰^{1 2}, 赖江^{1 2}, 郭斌³

1. 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所/高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 610072;
2. 四川省气候中心, 四川成都 610072;
3. 四川省阿坝州气象局, 四川马尔康 624000

收稿日期:2015-09-23 修回日期:2015-09-23 出版日期:2016-04-25 发布日期:2016-07-13
作者简介:刘佳(1985-),女,陕西咸阳人,工程师,2012年在成都信息工程大学获硕士学位,现主要从事气候变化研究.E-mail:liujia851229@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41275097）；公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201306022）；四川省气象局预研项目（川气课题2015-预研-01）资助

Response of water resources to climate change in Zoige, Tibetan Plateau

LIU Jia^{1 2}, CHEN Chao^{1 2}, QING Ningsheng^{1 2}, LI Xiaolan^{1 2}, LAI Jiang^{1 2}, GUO Bin³

1. Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration/Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China;
2. Climate Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610071, China;
3. Aba Meteorological Bureau, Barkam 624000, Sichuan, China

Received:2015-09-23 Revised:2015-09-23 Online:2016-04-25 Published:2016-07-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1980-2012年若尔盖水文站径流量资料、若尔盖及周边20个站同期气象观测数据，通过分析径流量演变规律及与气候因子的关系，研究了若尔盖生态区水资源对气候变化的响应.结果显示：近30 a该区域地表水资源整体呈波动下降趋势，气候倾向率为1.4×10⁸ m³·（10a）^-1；径流量的年际分布较均匀，年内分配呈双峰型，主要集中在6-9月，同期径流量集中度、集中期及丰枯率均呈现下降趋势，峰型度呈上升趋势，这与全球气候变暖及降水量减少相关.降水量是影响该流域径流量的最主要因子，夏季降水量很大程度决定着径流量的丰枯，而秋季径流量对降水量的响应最为敏感.气温的升高导致高山冰雪消融量的增大，进而使非汛期径流量增加；同时，流域蒸发量的加大，增加了地表水资源的消耗.

关键词: 若尔盖生态区, 气候变化, 径流量, 差积曲线, 相关分析

Abstract: By using the hydrological and meteorological observation data, the variations of flow and its climate causes are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the surface water resources shown a decreasing trend at the rate of 1.4×10⁸ m³·(10a)^-1, the conversion of abundant and rare year is fairly balanced. The annual distribution of runoff was homogeneous. Annual runoff concentrated mainly in June-September in Zoige region, accounting for 60% of the annual runoff. Hydrological process has a bimodal phenomenon in year, mainly related to the plateau climate characteristics. At the same time the domain runoff concentration degree and concentration period all showed a trend of decline. Precipitation is the primary factor to impact the flow of the Zoige. It shows that precipitation in summer determines the runoff, and the autumn runoff response to rainfall is the most sensitive. The ascending of air temperature, causes the enlargement of snow melting of high mountain, and therefore makes flow increase during the non-flood period, which accelerates the river basin evaporation, and also makes the depletion of ground water resource increasing, and has a elimination function for the annual flow increasing caused by the precipitation.

Key words: Zoige biome, climate change, runoff, difference-integration curves, correlation analysis

中图分类号:

TU528

刘佳, 陈超, 秦宁生, 李小兰, 赖江, 郭斌. 青藏高原若尔盖生态区水资源对气候变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(2): 498-508.

LIU Jia, CHEN Chao, QING Ningsheng, LI Xiaolan, LAI Jiang, GUO Bin. Response of water resources to climate change in Zoige, Tibetan Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2016, 38(2): 498-508.

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青藏高原若尔盖生态区水资源对气候变化的响应

Response of water resources to climate change in Zoige, Tibetan Plateau

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