尼泊尔4·25地震震前冰湖制图与潜在危险性分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0064

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于地震灾害的影响，冰湖上游的冰滑坡、冰崩、滑坡、泥石流会进入湖泊，通过冲击波或抬高水位，造成冰川坝或冰碛坝突然垮塌导致冰湖迅速排水而形成洪水或洪水泥石流。首先基于Landsat8遥感影像通过人工目视解译的方法构建尼泊尔2015年4月25日地震震前冰湖数据，为我国和尼泊尔的抗震救灾提供重要的数据支撑。然后利用历史遥感数据解译获取研究区2015年以前的历史冰湖数据，对历史冰湖数据和2015年的冰湖数据进行地理空间分析，计算其面积变化和长度变化。最后结合尼泊尔2015年4月25日地震峰值地面加速度数据通过空间分析识别地震影响区的潜在危险冰湖。研究表明：研究区面积>0.02km²的冰湖有1847个，面积263.18km²，其中快速变化冰湖87个，位于地震影响区的潜在危险冰湖49个，应重点关注潜在危险冰湖。

关键词: 尼泊尔, 地震, 冰湖, 遥感

Abstract: Because of the impact of earthquake, glacial slides, ice avalanches, landslides and debris flows which were located in the upstream of glacial lakes would flow into the lakes, and the shock wave or heading up made ice dams or moraine dams collapsed suddenly, leading to the glacial lakes outburst quickly and causing floods or flood mudslides.By combining Landsat-8 remote sensing images and using the method of artificial interpretation, glacial lake data in Nepal earthquake affected zones before the earthquake occurred on April 25,2015 were reconstructed, which provided important data support for China and Nepal earthquake relief.Then using the history remote sensing images to extract glacial lakes data before the earthquake, making geospatial analysis of the history glacial lake data and the newest data, calculating area change and length change of the glacial lakes, finally combining the data of the seismic peak ground acceleration data of Nepal earthquake occurred on April 25, 2015, the potentially dangerous glacial lakes are identified.The results show that there were 1847 glacial lakes with area more than 0.02 km² in the study areas, with a total area of 263.18km², including 87 rapidly expanding glacial lakes and 49 potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the zones affected the earthquake;these potentially dangerous glacial lakes should be paid more attentions to.

Key words: Nepal, earthquake, glacial lake, before the earthquake

中图分类号:

P343.6

曹学诚, 刘周周, 李维胜. 尼泊尔4·25地震震前冰湖制图与潜在危险性分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(3): 573-583.

CAO Xuecheng, LIU Zhouzhou, LI Weisheng. Glacial lake mapping and analysis of the potentially dangerous glacial lakes before Nepal 4·25 Earthquake in 2015[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2016, 38(3): 573-583.

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