他念他翁山中段第四纪冰川作用ESR定年初步研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0150

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

他念他翁山中段地处青藏高原东南部和云贵高原过渡地带，海拔4 200 m以上保存着确切的第四纪冰川遗迹.对其进行深入研究，不仅可以重建横断山脉冰川作用的演化历史，还能够为青藏高原的隆升机制提供重要依据.采用野外地貌调查与电子自旋共振测年（ESR）相结合的方法，查明他念他翁山第四纪冰川发育的地貌特点，并初步对研究区的冰期系列进行划分.结果显示，他念他翁山中段古冰川类型主要为山麓冰川、山谷冰川和冰斗冰川.晚第四纪以来至少经历了4次冰川作用，分别为倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6），年代为（192±51）~（207±45）ka；末次冰期中期（MIS 3），年代为（55±8）~（54±9）ka；末次冰盛期（MIS 2），年代为（25±1）~（38±6）ka，以及全新世新冰期/小冰期（MIS 1）.

关键词: 他念他翁山, ESR测年, 冰期系列, 冰川地貌

Abstract:

The Tenasserim Chain is the transitional zone between the southeast of Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Typical glacial erosion and sedimentary landforms of the late Quaternary can be identified in the study area higher than 4 200 m a.s.l. The glacial sequence with absolute ages not only can reconstruct evolutionary history of the Hengduan Mountain range but also provide critical basis for studying the effect of the uplifting mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau. According to the field investigation and ESR dating results, it is ascertained that the basic geomorphology features of the Quaternary glaciers and the glacial sequences in the study area. The results show that the glacial types were cirque glacier, valley glacier and piedmont glacier. There were four glacial advances in the middle Tenasserim Chain at least during the Late Quaternary. These glacial advances can be assigned to the Penultimate glaciation (MIS 6, MIS=Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage) during the Middle Pleistocene[(192±51)-(207±45) ka], the middle stage of the last glacial cycle[MIS 3, (55±8)-(54±9) ka], the last glacial maximum[MIS 2, (25±1)-(38±6) ka] during the Last Pleistocene and the neo-glaciation/Little Ice Age during the Holocene (MIS 1).

Key words: Tenasserim Chain, ESR dating, glacial sequence, glacial landform

中图分类号:

P931.4

张威, 柴乐. 他念他翁山中段第四纪冰川作用ESR定年初步研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5): 1281-1291.

ZHANG Wei, CHAI Le. The preliminary study of the Quaternary glacier in middle part of the Tenasserim Chain with ESR dating method[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2016, 38(5): 1281-1291.

参考文献

[1] Cui Zhijiu, Chen Yixin, Zhang Wei, et al. Research history, glacial chronology and origins of Quaternary glaciations in China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2011, 31(5):749-764.[崔之久, 陈艺鑫, 张威, 等. 中国第四纪冰期历史、特征及成因探讨[J]. 第四纪研究, 2011, 31(5):749-764.]

[2] Liu Gengnian, Li Yingkui, Chen Yixin, et al. Glacial landform chronology and environment reconstruction of Peiku Gangri, Himalayas[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(5):959-970.[刘耕年, 李英奎, 陈艺鑫, 等. 喜马拉雅山佩枯岗日冰川地貌的年代学、平衡线高度和气候研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(5):959-970.]

[3] Li Jijun, Fang Xiaomin. Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and environmental changes[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1999, 44(23):2117-2124.

[4] Shi Yafeng, Zhao Jingdong, Wang Jie. New understanding of Quaternary glaciations in China[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Science Popularization Press, 2011:5-28.[施雅风, 赵井东, 王杰. 第四纪冰川新论[M]. 上海:上海科学普及出版社, 2011:5-28.]

[5] Shi Yafeng. Evolution of the cryosphere in the Tibetan Plateau, China, and its relationship with the global change in the mid Quaternary[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1998, 20(3):1997-2008.[施雅风. 第四纪中期青藏高原冰冻圈的演化及其与全球变化的联系[J]. 冰川冻土, 1998, 20(3):1997-2008.]

[6] Ou Xianjiao, Zhou Shangzhe, Lai Zhongping, et al. Discussions on Quaternary glaciations and their climatic responding in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2015, 35(1):12-28.[欧先交, 周尚哲, 赖忠平, 等. 青藏高原第四纪冰川作用及其气候响应的讨论[J]. 第四纪研究, 2015, 35(1):12-28.]

[7] Wu Jiazhang, Yi Chaolu, Xu Xiangke, et al. First exploration of the ice volume variations during the Holocene in the Bailanghe River basin, Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(3):595-603.[吴家章, 易朝路, 许向科, 等. 祁连山摆浪河全新世冰量变化初探[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(3):595-603.]

[8] Su Bo, Li Zhongqin, Zhang Mingjun, et al. A comparative study on mass balance between the continental glaciers and the temperate the typical glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps as examples[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(5):1131-1140.[苏勃, 李忠勤, 张明军, 等. 大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡对比研究:以天山和阿尔卑斯山典型冰川为例[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(5):1131-1140.]

[9] Li Jijun, Feng Zhaodong, Zhou Shangzhe. The vestiges of Quaternary glaciation in the Hengduan Mountains region[M]//Glaciers in the Hengduan Mountains. Beijing:Science Press, 1996:157-173.[李吉均, 冯兆东, 周尚哲. 横断山第四纪冰川作用遗迹[M]//横断山冰川. 北京:科学出版社, 1996:157-173.]

[10] Zheng Benxing. Quaternary glaciations in the Hengduan Mountains[M]//The Quaternary glaciations and environmental variations in China. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Science and Technology Press, 2006:407-411.[郑本兴. 横断山系第四纪冰川[M]//中国第四纪冰川与环境变化. 石家庄:河北科学技术出版社, 2006:407-441.]

[11] Xu Liubing, Ou Xianjiao, Lai Zhongping, et al. Timing and style of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Que'er Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Quaternary Science, 2010, 25(6):957-966.

[12] Zhou Shangzhe, Xu Liubing, Cui Jianxin, et al. Geomorphologic evolution and environmental changes in the Shaluli Mountain region during the Quaternary[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005, 50(1):52-57.

[13] Zheng Benxing, Ma Qiuhua. A study on the geomorphological characteristics and glaciations in Paleo-Daocheng ice cap, western Sichuan[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1995, 17(1):23-32.[郑本兴, 马秋华. 川西稻城古冰帽的地貌特征与冰期探讨[J]. 冰川冻土, 1995, 17(1):23-32.]

[14] Xu Liubing, Zhou Shangzhe, Cui Jianxin. Dating of the Pleistocene glaciations around the Daocheng ice cap[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2004, 26(5):528-534.[许刘兵, 周尚哲, 崔建新. 稻城冰帽区更新世冰川测年研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(5):528-534.]

[15] Zhang Zhigang, Wang Jian, Xu Xiaobin, et al. Cosmogenic isotope ¹⁰Be dating for Kuzhaori moraine in Daocheng ice cap[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2012, 32(1):85-91.[张志刚, 王建, 徐孝彬, 等. 稻城冰帽库照日冰碛垄的宇生核素¹⁰Be年代测定[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2012, 32(1):85-91.]

[16] Wang Jian, Zhang Zhigang, Xu Xiaobin, et al. Cosmogenic isotopes dating of Quaternary glacial activity of the Paleao-Daocheng ice cape, on the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2012(3):394-402.[王建, 张志刚, 徐孝彬, 等. 青藏高原东南部稻城古冰帽南缘第四纪冰川活动的宇生核素年代研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 2012(3):394-402.]

[17] Fu Ping, Jonathan M H, Arjen P S, et al. Glacial geomorphology and paleoglaciation patterns in Shaluli Shan, the southeastern Tibetan Plateau:evidence for polythermal ice cap glaciation[J]. Geomorphology, 2013, 182:66-78.

[18] Owen L A, Finkel R C, Ma Haizhou, et al. Timing and style of Late Quaternary glaciation in northeastern Tibet[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2003, 115(11):1356-1364.

[19] Wang Jie, Pan Baotian, Zhang Guoliang, et al. Late Quaternary glacial chronology on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences, 2013, 56(3):354-365.

[20] Cui Zhijiu, Xie Youyu, Li Hongyun. Paleoglacial traces and series of mutiglaciation in the Luojishan Mountain[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1986, 8(2):107-117.[崔之久, 谢右予, 李洪云. 四川攀西螺髻山第四纪冰川作用遗迹与冰期系列[J]. 冰川冻土, 1986, 8(2):107-117.]

[21] Zhang Wei, Bi Weili, Liu Beibei, et al. Geochronology constrained on Late Quaternary glaciation of Baimaxue Shan[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2015, 35(1):20-37.[张威, 毕伟力, 刘蓓蓓, 等. 基于年代学约束的白马雪山晚第四纪冰川作用[J]. 第四纪研究, 2015, 35(1):20-37.]

[22] Zheng Benxing. Quaternary glaciation and glacier evolution in the Yulong Mount, Yunnan[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2000, 22(1):53-61.[郑本兴. 云南玉龙雪山第四纪冰期与冰川演化模式[J]. 冰川冻土, 2000, 22(1):53-61.]

[23] Zhao Xitao, Qu Yongxin, Li Tiesong. Pleistocene glaciation along the eastern foot of the Yulong Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1999, 21(3):242-248.[赵希涛, 曲永新, 李铁松. 玉龙山东麓更新世冰川作用[J]. 冰川冻土, 1999, 21(3):242-248.]

[24] Zhang Wei, Liu Beibei, Li Yonghua, et al. Quaternary glacier development and environmental evolution in Qianhu Mountain, northwestern Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(5):657-670.[张威, 刘蓓蓓, 李永化, 等. 云南千湖山第四纪冰川发育特点与环境变化[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5):657-670.]

[25] Zhang Wei, Liu Beibei, Li Yonghua, et al. Late Pleistocene glaciations on Qianhu Mountain, northwest Yunnan Province, China[J]. Geografiska Annaler Series A:Physical Geography, 2014, 96(3):417-429.

[26] Yang Jianqiang, Cui Zhijiu, Yi Chaolu, et al. "Tali Glaciation" on massif Diancang[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 2007, 50(11):1685-1692.

[27] Xu Liubing. Reseach of the geomorphlogical evolution and Quaternary glacier in Shaluli Shan[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2005.[许刘兵. 沙鲁里山地区第四纪冰川与地貌演变研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2005.]

[28] Liu Beibei, Zhang Wei, Cui Zhijiu, et al. Climate-tectonics coupling effect on Late Quaternary glaciation in the Mayaxue Shan, Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(3):701-710.[刘蓓蓓, 张威, 崔之久, 等. 青藏高原东北缘玛雅雪山晚第四纪冰川发育的气候和构造耦合[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(3):701-710.]

[29] Ou Xianjiao, Zhang Biao, Lai Zhongping, et al. OSL dating study on the glacial evolutions during the Last Glaciation at Dangzi Valley in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(2):262-269.[欧先交, 张彪, 赖忠平, 等. 青藏高原东部当子沟末次冰期冰川演化光释光测年[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(2):262-269.]

[30] Zhang Wei, Liu Beibei. Features of the glaciation during the Last Glaciation in northwestern Yunnan province[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(1):30-37.[张威, 刘蓓蓓. 滇西北山地末次冰期冰川发育及其基本特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1):30-37.]

[31] Zhang Wei, Niu Yunbo, Yan Ling, et al. Late Pleistocene glaciations of Changbai Mountains in northeastern China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008, 53:2672-2684.

[32] Zhang Wei, Cui Zhijiu, Li Yonghua, et al. Quaternary glacier development and the relationship between the climate change and tectonic uplift in the Helan Mountain[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2012, 57(37):4491-4507.

[33] Shi Yafeng, Yao Tandong. MIS 3b (54~44 ka BP) cold period and glacial advance in middle and low latitudes[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002, 24(1):1-9.[施雅风, 姚檀栋. 中低纬度MIS 3b(54~44 ka BP)冷期与冰川前进[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(1):1-9.]

[34] Zhou Shangzhe, Xu Liubing, Colgan P M, et al. Cosmogenic ¹⁰Be dating of Guxiang and Baiyu glaciation[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(10):1387-1393.

[35] Su Zhen, Pu Jianchen. Development conditions, number and morphological characteristics of glaciers in the Hengduan Mountains region[M]//Glaciers in the Hengduan Mountains. Beijing:Science Press, 1996:1-21.[苏珍, 蒲健辰. 横断山冰川发育条件、数量及形态特征[M]//横断山冰川. 北京:科学出版社, 1996:1-21.]

[36] Li Zongfan, Wang Zequn, Tan Yafu, et al. Regional geological survey report of Changdu:geological section[M]. Chengdu:Sichuan Provincial Geological Bureau, 1990:1-6.[李宗凡, 王泽群, 谭亚夫, 等. 昌都幅区域地质调查报告:地质部分[M]. 成都:四川省地质局, 1990:1-6.]

[37] Chen Fuzhong, Liao Guoxin. The basic geological characteristics in Qamdo district[M]//Contribution to the geology of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1983(4):213-228.[陈福忠, 廖国兴. 昌都地区地质基本特征[M]//青藏高原地质文集. 北京:地质出版社, 1983(4):213-228.]

[38] Chen Yixin, Li Yingkui, Zhang Mei, et al. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide ¹⁰Be exposure ages of the samples from Wangkun till in the Kunlun Pass[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(1):101-109.[陈艺鑫, 李英奎, 张梅, 等. 昆仑山垭口地区"望昆冰期"冰碛宇宙成因核素¹⁰Be测年[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(1):101-109.]

[39] Cui Zhijiu, Yang Jianfu, Liu Gengnian, et al. The Quaternary glaciation of Shesan Mountain in Taiwan and glacial classification in monsoon areas[J]. Quaternary International, 2002, 97/98:147-153.

[40] Zhang Wei, Cui Zhijiu, Feng Jinliang, et al. Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Hulifang massif of Gongwang Mountain[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2005, 15(4):448-458.

[41] Cui Zhijiu, Yang Jianfu, Liu Gengnian, et al. Discovery of quaternary glacial evidence of Snow Mountain in Taiwan, China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(6):566-571.

[42] Li Jijun. Formation mechanism and identification of landform glaciers in mountain[M]//Quaternary glacier and environment in east China. Beijing:Science Press, 1989:13-26.[李吉均. 山地冰川地貌的形成机制及其识别[M]//中国东部第四纪冰川与环境问题. 北京:科学出版社, 1989:13-26.]

[43] Yi Chaolu, Cui Zhijiu, Xiong Heigang. Numerical periods of Quaternary glaciations in China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2005, 25(5):609-619.[易朝路, 崔之久, 熊黑钢. 中国第四纪冰期数值年表初步划分[J]. 第四纪研究, 2005, 25(5):609-619.]

[44] Zhou Shangzhe, Ou Xianjiao, Wang Jie, et al. Discussion problems of glacial deposits before buried:based on Ayizhisu glacier in Pamir[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2012, 32(1):39-45.[周尚哲, 欧先交, 王杰, 等. 冰碛曝光问题的沉积学探讨:以帕米尔东坡阿依直苏冰川为例[J]. 第四纪研究, 2012, 32(1):39-45.]

[45] Liu Chunru, Yin Gongming, Zhang Huiping, et al. ESR geochronology of the Minjiang River terrace at Wenchuan, eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Geochronometria, 2013, 40(4):360-367.

[46] Zhao Jingdong, Liu Shiyin, He Yuanqing, et al. Quaternary glacial chronology of the Ateaoyinake River Valley, Tianshan Mountains, China[J]. Geomorphology, 2009, 103(2):276-284.

[47] Prescott J R, Hurron J T. Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating:large depths and long-term time variations[J]. Radiation Measurements, 1994, 23(2/3):497-500.

[48] Tanaka T, Sawada S, Ito T. ESR dating of Late Pleistocene near shore and terrace sands[M]//ESR dating and dosimetry. Tokyo:Ionics, 1986:275-280.

[49] Buhay W M, Schwarcz H P, Grün R. ESR dating of fault gouge:the effect of grain size[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 1988, 7(3/4):515-522.

[50] Ye Yuguang, Diao Shaobo, He Jie, et al. ESR dating studies of paleo-debris-flows deposition Dongchuan, Yunnan Province, China[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 1998, 17(11):1073-1076.

[51] Mahaney W C, Vortisch W, Julig P. Relative differences between glacially crushed quartz transported by mountain and continental ice:some examples from North America and East Africa[J]. American Journal of Science, 1988, 288(8):810-826.

[52] Gao Lu. Study on ESR signal characteristics of quartz[D]. Beijing:Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, 2011.[高璐. 石英ESR信号特征研究[D]. 北京:中国地震局地质研究所, 2011.]

[53] Zhao Jingdong, Song Yougui, King J W, et al. Glacial geomorphology and glacial history of the Muzart River valley, Tianshan Rang, China[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2010, 29(11/12):1453-1463.

[54] Xu Liubing, Zhou Shangzhe. Quaternary glaciations recorded by glacial and fluvial landforms in the Shaluli Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geomorphology, 2009, 103(2):268-275.

[55] Yi Chaolu, Li Xiaoze, Qu Jianjun. Quaternary glaciation of Puruogangri:the largest modern ice filed in Tibet[J]. Quaternary International, 2002, 97/98:111-121.

[56] Wang Jie, Zhou Shangzhe, Zhao Jingdong, et al. Quaternary glacial geomorphology and glaciations of Kongur Mountain, eastern Pamir, China[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences, 2011, 54(4):591-602.

[57] Zhao Jingdong, Zhou Shangzhe, Shi Zhengtao, et al. ESR Dating of glacial till of Baishuihe River on the southern slope of Lenglongling in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences, 2001, 37(4):110-117.[赵井东, 周尚哲, 史正涛, 等. 祁连山东段冷龙岭南麓白水河冰碛物ESR测年研究[J]. 兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2001, 37(4):110-117.]

[58] Zhao Jingdong, Shi Yafeng, Wang Jie. Comparison between Quaternary glaciation in China and the marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS):an improved schema[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(7):867-884.[赵井东, 施雅风, 王杰. 中国第四纪冰川演化序列与MIS对比研究的新进展[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(7):867-884.]

[59] Zhao Xitao, Wu Zhonghai, Zhu Dagang, et al. Quaternary glaciation in the west Nyaiqentanglha Mountains[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2002, 22(5):424-433.[赵希涛, 吴中海, 朱大岗, 等. 念青唐古拉山西段第四纪冰川作用[J]. 第四纪研究, 2002, 22(5):424-433.]

[60] Wu Zhonghai, Zhao Xitao, Jiang Wan, et al. Dating result of the Pleistocene glacial deposits on the southeast foot of Nyaiqentanglha Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25(3):272-274.[吴中海, 赵希涛, 江万, 等. 念青唐古拉山东南麓更新世冰川沉积物年龄测定[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(3):272-274.]

[61] Zheng Benxing. Quaternary glaciation in the Nyaiqêtanglha Range[M]//The Quaternary glaciations and environmental variations in China. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Science and Technology Press, 2006:374-406.[郑本兴. 唐古拉山第四纪冰川[M]//中国第四纪冰川与环境变化. 石家庄:河北科技出版社, 2006:374-406.]

[62] Jiao Keqin, Shen Yongping. Quaternary glaciation in the Tanggula Rang[M]//The Quaternary glaciations and environmental variations in China. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Science and Technology Press, 2006:309-322.[焦克勤, 沈永平. 唐古拉山系第四纪冰川[M]//中国第四纪冰川与环境变化. 石家庄:河北科技出版社, 2006:309-322.]

[63] Owen L A, Finkel R C, Barnard P L, et al. Climatic and topographic controls on the style and timing of Late Quaternary glaciation throughout Tibet and the Himalaya defined by ¹⁰Be cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure dating[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2005, 24:1391-1411.

[64] Schäfer J M, Tschudi S, Zhao Z, et al. The limited influence of glaciations in Tibet on global climate over the past 170000yr[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 194:287-297.

[65] Wang Jie, Zhou Shangzhe, Tang Shulin, et al. The sequence of Quaternary glaciations around the Tanggula Pass[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(1):149-155.[王杰, 周尚哲, 唐述琳, 等. 唐古拉山垭口地区的第四纪冰川测年新研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(1):149-155.]