西安市农业生态系统服务间关系及空间分异

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业生态系统是一种人工-自然复合生态系统，人类行为和管理决策干扰生态系统服务的供给和需求，生态系统服务之间的关系也随之发生变化.以西安市农业生态系统为研究对象，测算了农产品供给、固碳、水源涵养、净化环境及文化娱乐5项生态系统服务价值，分析农业生态系统服务总价值的空间差异，并根据景观特点和农业生态系统服务价值将研究区划分为3个区，探索不同分区生态系统服务功能之间的相互关系，并提出了西安市的生态系统管理对策.结果表明：研究区提供的农业生态系统服务总价值为590×10⁸元.从生态系统服务大分类来看，调节服务 > 供给服务 > 文化服务.各区县农业生态系统服务功能价值差别较大.1999-2013年，西安市供给服务上升，调节服务和支持服务下降.西安市农业生态系统服务功能价值大致呈现由市中心向边缘区逐渐加强的趋势.在不同的农业区域生态系统中，生态系统服务内部各功能之间的相关性差异较大.在耕区、园区、林区生态系统中，农产品提供与固碳、水源涵养、净化环境、文化休闲服务之间的相关性差异大，而调节服务与文化服务以及调节服务各功能之间的相关关系均呈现显著正相关.为了维护城市生态系统的稳定，应该调整城市绿地景观格局，构建“绿色斑块、绿色廊道、湿地、农田”镶嵌共存的绿地生态系统；在发展农区、园区生态产业过程中，应当调整农业产业结构，选择经济效益与生态效益兼顾的作物品种和植被类型.

关键词: 生态系统服务功能, 相关性, 空间分异, 西安

Abstract:

Agricultural ecosystem is a kind of artificial and natural complex ecosystem. Human behavior and management control will interfere the supply and demand of ecosystem services, which makes the relationship among ecosystem services also change. Taking Xi'an City as the research object, in this paper, the values of the supply of agricultural products, carbon sequestration, water conservation, environment cleansing and cultural services are measured and then the spatial differences within the total value of ecosystem services are analyzed. According to the landscape characteristics and the value of agricultural ecosystem services, in this paper, the study area is divided into three zones to explore the relationship among different functions of ecosystem services. At last, ecosystem management strategies in Xi'an City are put forward. The following conclusions can be drawn:(1) The total value of agricultural ecosystem services in the city is 59.0 billion yuan. From the view of ecosystem service classification, regulating services are larger than supply services, and supply services are larger than cultural services, with a great difference among various counties (districts). (2) On the whole, supply services had increased, while regulating services and support services had decreased of the city from 1999 to 2013. (3) The value of agricultural ecosystem services had increased generally form urban center to the edge zones. (4) Spatially, the correlations among various agricultural ecosystem services are quite different. Among farming area, garden and forest area, the correlations among supply services, regulating services and cultural services are different, while between regulating services and cultural services there is a significant positive correlation. (5) In order to maintain the stability of urban ecosystem, urban green space landscape pattern should be adjusted to "green patches, green corridors, wetlands, farmland" mosaic coexistence space ecosystem; It's necessary to adjust agricultural structure to develop ecological industry in the farming and garden areas, such as choosing varieties of crops and vegetation types of both the economic and ecological benefits.

Key words: ecosystem service functions, correlation, spatial differentiation, Xi'an City

中图分类号:

Q149

韩晔, 周忠学. 西安市农业生态系统服务间关系及空间分异[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5): 1447-1458.

HAN Ye, ZHOU Zhongxue. Relationship among agro-ecosystem services and their spatial differentiation in the area of Xi'an City[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2016, 38(5): 1447-1458.

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