黑河干流上中游径流变化及其原因分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据黑河干流出山径流控制站莺落峡、中游的高崖和正义峡等水文站的径流和区域内的气象资料，以及中游的地下水位资料，对黑河上中游来水的年际变化和年内分配，径流沿程变化规律及其影响因素进行分析研究。结果表明： ①黑河干流出山径流自1945年以来整体上呈小幅增加趋势，其年内最大径流月份在进入21世纪后，由7月份推后至8月份，主要受降水的影响； ②高崖和正义峡断面的水量自1977年以来呈微弱增加趋势，前者增幅略大于后者；由于中游社会经济发展引起用水增加，莺落峡至高崖区间的耗水量以每年近850×10⁴ m³的增量变化，而高崖至正义峡区间灌溉回归水和地下水补给河道的水量与区间灌溉引水和其他耗水量基本持平； ③地下水的超量开采一定程度上减缓了黑河干流统一调度的压力，但不利于流域水资源的可持续利用。该研究成果对于今后黑河水资源科学配置、合理调度具有一定的参考和指导作用。

关键词: 黑河, 径流变化, 耗水, 地下水, 可持续利用

Abstract: The interannual variability, annual distribution and variation of the runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the main Heihe River and their reasons are analyzed based on the measured hydrological and meteorological data, together with the groundwater level data in in the midstream. The results show that the runoff in the upper reaches of the river has slightly increased since 1945 as a whole, and the month with the maximum runoff has shifted from July to August since the beginning of the 21^st century, which was mainly controlled by the precipitation. The runoffs at Gaoya and Zhengyixia Stations have increased slightly since 1977 with the rates of 1.7 million m³ and 10.2 million m³ per year, respectively. The water consumption in the section from Yingluoxia to Gaoya have increased at the rate of 8.5 million m³ per year due to the social and economic development; the amount of the irrigation return water and groundwater recharging to the river have been almost the same as the irrigation water diversion and other water consumption in the section from Gaoya to Zhengyixia. Excessive exploitation of groundwater have slowed down water consumption pressure in Heihe River basin to a certain extent, but it was bad to the sustainable utilization of water resources. This results will be helpful for scientific allocation and reasonable regulation of water resources in the Heihe River basin.

Key words: Heihe River, runoff variation, water consumption, groundwater, sustainable utilization

中图分类号:

P333

程建忠, 陆志翔, 邹松兵, 程雯嘉. 黑河干流上中游径流变化及其原因分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(1): 123-129.

CHENG Jianzhong, LU Zhixiang, ZOU Songbing, CHENG Wenjia. Variation of the runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the main Heihe River and its causes[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2017, 39(1): 123-129.

参考文献

[1] Xia Jun, Tan Ge. Hydrological science towards global change:progress and challenge[J]. Resources Science, 2002, 24(3):1-7.[夏军, 谈戈. 全球变化与水文科学新的进展与挑战[J]. 资源科学, 2002, 24(3):1-7.]
[2] Yang Mingjin, Zhang Bo, Wang Haiqing, et al. The study on the change of mountainous runoff in Heihe River basin from1950 to 2004[J]. Resources Science, 2009, 31(3):413-419.[杨明金, 张勃, 王海青, 等. 黑河流域1950-2004年出山径流变化规律分析[J]. 资源科学, 2009, 31(3):413-419.]
[3] Li Erhui, Mu Xingmin, Zhao Guangju. Temporal changes in annual runoff and influential factors in the upper and middle reaches of Yellow River from 1919-2010[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(2):155-163.[李二辉, 穆兴民, 赵广举. 1919-2010年黄河上中游区径流量变化分析[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(2):155-163.]
[4] Ding Hongwei, Hu Xinglin, Lan Yongchao, et al. Characteristics and conversion of water resources in the Heihe River basin[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(6):1460-1469.[丁宏伟, 胡兴林, 蓝永超, 等. 黑河流域水资源转化特征及其变化规律[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(6):1460-1469.]
[5] Lu Zhixiang, Xiao Honglang, Zou Songbing, et al. Advances in the study on the human-water-ecology evolution in the past two thousand years in Heihe River basin[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2015, 30(3):396-406.[陆志翔, 肖洪浪, 邹松兵, 等. 黑河流域近两千年人-水-生态演变研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(3):396-406.]
[6] Li Jianlin, Zan Mingjun, Li Baoling. Grey prediction of out-mountainous annual runoff of Heihe River based on R/S analysis[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2014, 33(5):127-131.[李建林, 昝明军, 李宝玲. 基于R/S分析的黑河出山年径流量灰色预测[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2014, 33(5):127-131.]
[7] Lu Zhixiang, Wei Yongping, Xiao Honglang, et al. Evolution of the human-water relationships in the Heihe River basin in the past 2000 years[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2015(19):2261-2273.
[8] Chen Rensheng, Kang Ersi, Yang Jianping, et al. Nonlinear features of the runoff from mountain areas of the Heihe River, Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002, 24(3):292-298.[陈仁升, 康尔泗, 杨建平, 等. 黑河出山径流的非线性特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(3):292-298.]
[9] Wang Jun, Meng Jijun. Characteristics and tendencies of annual runoff variations in the Heihe River basin during the past 60 years[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008, 28(1):83-88.[王钧, 蒙吉军. 黑河流域近60年来径流量变化及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2008, 28(1):83-88.]
[10] Ding Zhihong, Feng Ping, Niu Junyi. Change characteristics of trend and abundant and low state of annual runoff time series at Yingluoxia hydrological station of Heihe River[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009, 23(10):59-63.[丁志宏, 冯平, 牛军宜. 黑河莺落峡年径流量时序变化的趋势特性及丰枯演化规律研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(10):59-63.]
[11] Bi Liming, Hou Hongyu, Yang Lifeng. Analysis on change trend of runoff in Yingluoxia station of Heihe River[J]. Yellow River, 2013, 35(1):23-25.[毕黎明, 侯红雨, 杨丽丰. 黑河莺落峡站径流变化趋势分析[J]. 人民黄河, 2013, 35(1):23-25.]
[12] He Rui, Pang Bo, Zhang Lanying. Hydrological alteration diagnosis of runoff series in the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(7):1937-1942.[何睿, 庞博, 张兰影. 基于水文变异诊断系统的黑河流域上中游径流序列变异[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(7):1937-1942.]
[13] Lan Yongchao, Ding Yongjian, Shen Yongping, et al. Responding of river streamflow to the climate shift in the Hexi Inland Region[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25(2):188-192.[蓝永超, 丁永建, 沈永平, 等. 河西内陆河流域出山径流对气候转型的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(2):188-192.]
[14] Chu Yongwei, Lan Yongchao, Li Xiangyang, et al. Models for long-term forecast of annual runoff at Yinglouxia Station of Heihe River[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2005, 25(6):869-873.[楚永伟, 蓝永超, 李向阳, 等. 黑河莺落峡站年径流长期预报模型研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(6):869-873.]
[15] Li Zhuolun, Wang Naiang, Li Yu, et al. Variations of runoff in responding to climate change in mountainous areas of Heihe River during last 50 years[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Coservation, 2012, 32(2):7-12.[李卓仑, 王乃昂, 李育, 等. 近50年来黑河出山径流对气候变化的响应[J]. 水土保持通报, 2012, 32(2):7-12.]
[16] He Xuqiang, Zhang Bo, Sun Liwei, et al. Contribution rates of climate change and human activity on the runoff in upper and middle reaches of Heihe River basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(11):2884-2890.[何旭强, 张勃, 孙力炜, 等. 气候变化和人类活动对黑河上中游径流量变化的贡献率[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(11):2884-2890.]
[17] Zhang Xifeng. Climate change and its driving effect on the runoff in the Heihe basin[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2014, 23(4):542-548.[张喜风. 黑河上游气候变化对出山口径流的驱动分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(4):542-548.]
[18] Yang Yonggang, Xiao Honglang, Zhao Liangju, et al. Hydrological processes in different landscapes on Mafengou River basin[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2011, 22(5):624-630.[杨永刚, 肖洪浪, 赵良菊, 等. 马粪沟流域不同景观带水文过程[J]. 水科学进展, 2011, 22(5):624-630.]
[19] Yang Yong, Chen Rensheng, Ji Xibin. Variations of glaciers in the Yeniugou watershed of Heihe River basin from 1956 to 2003[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(1):100-106.[阳勇, 陈仁升, 吉喜斌. 近几十年来黑河野牛沟流域的冰川变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(1):100-106.]
[20] Mi Lina, Xiao Honglang, Zhu Wenjing, et al. Dynamic variation of the groundwater level in the middle reaches of the Heihe River during 1985-2013[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(2):461-469.[米丽娜, 肖洪浪, 朱文婧, 等. 1985-2013年黑河中游流域地下水位动态变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(2):461-469.]
[21] Nian Yanyun, Li Xin, Zhou Jian, et al. Impact of land use change on waterresource allocation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin in northwestern China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2014, 6(3):273-286.