下垫面蒸发和云中凝结分馏对降水稳定同位素影响的数值试验——时间变化的比较(以长沙降水同位素为例)

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0053

冰川冻土 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 469-478.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0053

下垫面蒸发和云中凝结分馏对降水稳定同位素影响的数值试验——时间变化的比较(以长沙降水同位素为例)

章新平¹, 关华德^1,2, 张新主¹, 张婉君¹, 姚天次¹

1. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院, 湖南长沙 410081;
2. School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia

收稿日期:2016-11-08 修回日期:2017-01-09 出版日期:2017-06-25 发布日期:2017-09-09
作者简介:章新平(1956-),男,湖南长沙人,教授,1993年在中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所获博士学位,从事气候变化研究.E-mail:zxp@hunnu.edu.cn.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41571021）；湖南省重点学科建设项目（2011001）；湖南重特大干旱机理研究项目（2015001）资助

Numerical tests on the impacts of surface evaporation and condensation fractionation on stable isotopes in precipitation:a comparison of temporal variation (taking the isotopes in precipitation at Changsha as an example)

ZHANG Xinping¹, GUAN Huade^1,2, ZHANG Xinzhu¹, ZHANG Wanjun¹, YAO Tianci¹

1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
2. School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia

Received:2016-11-08 Revised:2017-01-09 Online:2017-06-25 Published:2017-09-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用稳定同位素大气水平衡模式（iAWBM）的模拟数据，分析了在不同的下垫面蒸发和不同的凝结分馏条件下降水中δ¹⁸O的时间变化、降水量效应、负温度效应和大气水线。并通过与长沙站5年实测数据的比较以及模拟试验结果之间的相互比较，揭示下垫面蒸发水汽中稳定同位素的季节性变化和云中稳定同位素分馏对降水中稳定同位素变化的可能影响，增进对季风区水稳定同位素效应的理解和认识。iAWBM给出的4个模拟试验均很好地再现了监测站降水中δ¹⁸O的时间变化，模拟出季风区降水中稳定同位素在暖半年被贫化、在冷半年被富集的基本特点。与平衡分馏相比，动力分馏下降水中稳定同位素被贫化的程度加强、季节差和离散程度减小；由下垫面蒸发水汽中稳定同位素δ_e季节性变化所引起的降水中稳定同位素的变化在不同季节完全相反：在长沙，暖半年降水中δ¹⁸O更低，冷半年降水中δ¹⁸O更高，使得降水中稳定同位素季节差和离散程度增大。4个模拟试验均很好地再现了季风区的降水量效应和负温度效应。与平衡分馏相比，动力分馏下模拟的降水量效应和负温度效应的斜率相对较小；δ_e季节性变化导致模拟的降水量效应和负温度效应的斜率增大。利用iAWBM，模拟出季风区湿热气候条件下的MWL。动力分馏以及δ_e季节变化均使模拟得到的MWL的斜率和截距减小。

关键词: 水稳定同位素, 模拟试验, 分馏, 蒸发, 时间变化, 比较

Abstract: Using the simulation data of the isotope enabled atmospheric water balance model (iAWBM), the temporal variations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation, amount effect, negative temperature effect and meteoric water line (MWL) are analyzed in order to reveal the impact mechanism of the in-cloud isotopic fractionation and vapor isotopic composition from surface evaporation on simulated precipitation isotopic characteristics, improve the understanding of stable isotopic effects in monsoon areas, through the comparison between simulations and 5-year observations in Changsha and intercomparisons among the simulations. The results simulated by four iAWBM tests all reproduce the observed seasonal variation of δ¹⁸O in precipitation. The basic characteristics in monsoon areas that stable isotopes in precipitation are depleted during warm months and enriched during cold months. Compared with the simulations under equilibrium fractionation, the depleted degree of stable isotopes in precipitation is enhanced under kinetic fractionation, in company with a decrease of isotopic seasonality and inter-event variability. The variations of stable isotopes in precipitation, caused by the seasonal variation of stable isotopes in vapor evaporated from the surface (δ_e), are opposite between different seasons. In Changsha, a lower δ¹⁸O in precipitation during warm months and a higher δ¹⁸O in precipitation during cold months lead to the increase of isotopic seasonality in precipitation and inter-event variability. Four simulations all produce the amount effect and negative temperature effect commonly observed in monsoon areas. Under kinetic fractionation, the slopes of simulated amount effect and negative temperature effect decrease relative to under equilibrium fractionation; but increase under the δ_e seasonality. The MWLs for warm and humid climate in monsoon areas are well simulated too. The slopes and intercepts of the simulated MWLs decrease under kinetic fractionation, as well as under δ_e seasonality.

Key words: stable water isotope, simulation test, fractionation, evaporation, temporal variation, comparison

中图分类号:

P426.61+2

章新平, 关华德, 张新主, 张婉君, 姚天次. 下垫面蒸发和云中凝结分馏对降水稳定同位素影响的数值试验——时间变化的比较(以长沙降水同位素为例)[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(3): 469-478.

ZHANG Xinping, GUAN Huade, ZHANG Xinzhu, ZHANG Wanjun, YAO Tianci. Numerical tests on the impacts of surface evaporation and condensation fractionation on stable isotopes in precipitation:a comparison of temporal variation (taking the isotopes in precipitation at Changsha as an example)[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2017, 39(3): 469-478.

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下垫面蒸发和云中凝结分馏对降水稳定同位素影响的数值试验——时间变化的比较(以长沙降水同位素为例)

Numerical tests on the impacts of surface evaporation and condensation fractionation on stable isotopes in precipitation:a comparison of temporal variation (taking the isotopes in precipitation at Changsha as an example)

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