秦岭太白山南麓降水中常量无机离子特征及其来源研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0087

冰川冻土 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 771-780.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0087

秦岭太白山南麓降水中常量无机离子特征及其来源研究

卢爱刚^1,2, 刘晖³, 康世昌^4,5, 王少安³

1. 陕西省河流湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 陕西渭南 714000;
2. 渭南师范学院农商学院, 陕西渭南 714000;
3. 宁夏大学资源与环境学院, 宁夏银川 750021;
4. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
5. 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2016-12-06 修回日期:2017-06-20 出版日期:2017-08-25 发布日期:2017-11-15
作者简介:卢爱刚(1968-),男,陕西富平人,教授,2006年在中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所获博士学位,从事全球变化区域响应研究.E-mail:lagx1088@163.com.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41171061；41121001）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目（2015JZ008）；陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目（11JK0742）资助

Constant inorganic ions in precipitation in the southern foothill of Taibai Mountain:characteristics and source

LU Aigang^1,2, LIU Hui³, KANG Shichang^4,5, WANG Shao'an³

1. Key Laboratory for Ecology and Environment of River Wetlands in Shaanxi Province, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China;
2. School of Agricultural Business, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China;
3. College of Resource and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
4. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
5. Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2016-12-06 Revised:2017-06-20 Online:2017-08-25 Published:2017-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以2011年11月至2014年9月连续采集的74个有效降水样品为研究载体，运用趋势分析法和相关分析法分析太白山南麓黄柏塬地区降水中常量无机离子（NH₄⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Cl^-、F^-）的化学特征，并结合富集因子法、端源贡献法及后向气流轨迹模型探究其来源。结果表明：研究区降水中各离子浓度大小顺序为Ca²⁺ > SO₄^2- > NH₄⁺ > NO₃^- > K⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Cl^- > F^-，主要阳离子是Ca²⁺和NH₄⁺，共占阳离子总量的76.21%，主要阴离子是SO₄^2-和NO₃^-，共占阴离子总量的90.83%。降水总离子年平均浓度为404.64 μeq·L^-1，相对于国内外已研究的其他高山站点偏高，表现出典型的大陆型及人为源干扰的特征。受排放源、气象因子、植被、降水量等因素影响，降水总离子浓度表现出显著的季节差异，依次为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 夏季。源解析结果显示降水中SO₄^2-和NO₃^-95%以上由人为源贡献，Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺主要来源于地壳风化，Na⁺海盐源和非海盐源贡献约各占一半，K⁺主要来自于非海盐贡献，而F^-和NH₄⁺则几乎全部由人为源贡献。不同路径气团影响下的降水离子组分具有明显不同，北方气团途径太原、石家庄、北京、兰州等工业发达城市，工业燃煤交通废气排放量大，降水中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-浓度均偏高，离子总浓度也明显高于南方气团。

关键词: 降水, 太白山, 无机离子, 化学特征, 源解析

Abstract: A total of 74 effective precipitation samples collected from Huangbaiyuan of southern Taibai Mountain, from November, 2011 through September, 2014 were used as the research carriers. Constant inorganic ions (NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, Cl^-, F^-) in precipitation were analyzed. The data were dealt with the trend analysis and the correlation analysis methods and the sources were explored with the enrichment factor method, the source contribution method and backward trajectory model. The results showed that cation and anion concentrations in precipitation ranked as Ca²⁺ > SO₄^2- > NH₄⁺ > NO₃^- > K⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Cl^- > F^-; of which Ca²⁺ and NH₄⁺ were the major cations, accounting for 76.21% and SO₄^2- and NO₃^- are the main anions, accounting for 90.83%. The average annual equivalent cation and anion concentrations in precipitation is 404.64 μeq·L^-1, higher than any other already studied stations over the worldwide, showing the typical continental and human-source interference characteristics. Affected by emission factors, meteorological factors, vegetation, precipitation and other factors, total ion concentration in precipitation showed significant seasonal differences, followed by winter > spring > autumn > summer. Source analysis results showed that 95% of SO₄^2- and NO₃^- came from anthropogenic contribution; the concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were mainly from the crust sources; about a half of Na⁺ came from seasalt and another half of Na⁺ came from non-seasalt; K⁺ mainly from non-seasalt; F^- and NH₄⁺ almost all from anthropogenic sources. The ionization components of precipitation under different pathway were obviously different; northern air group came though Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Lanzhou and other industrial cities, due to industrial coal and traffic emissions, the concentrations of SO₄^2- and NO₃^- in precipitation were high and the total ion concentration was also higher than those in the southern air mass.

Key words: precipitation, Taibai Mountain, inorganic ions, chemical characteristics, source analysis

中图分类号:

P426.61+2

卢爱刚, 刘晖, 康世昌, 王少安. 秦岭太白山南麓降水中常量无机离子特征及其来源研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(4): 771-780.

LU Aigang, LIU Hui, KANG Shichang, WANG Shao'an. Constant inorganic ions in precipitation in the southern foothill of Taibai Mountain:characteristics and source[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2017, 39(4): 771-780.

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秦岭太白山南麓降水中常量无机离子特征及其来源研究

Constant inorganic ions in precipitation in the southern foothill of Taibai Mountain:characteristics and source

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