冻土动力学研究的现状及展望

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0097

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着我国"一带一路"倡议发展主线的逐步开展，寒区交通运输工程必将得到广泛的建设。为确保寒区工程构筑物在动荷载作用下的长期稳定，对冻土动力学相关理论与实践问题的研究迫切地需要做出解答。冻土动力学主要研究的是动荷载作用下冻土的强度、变形和稳定性问题。通过归纳和总结，阐述了冻土动力学在动力学参数、动强度、动应力-应变关系、动蠕变特征及蠕变模型、冻土场地地震反应特性、冻土区桩基结构动力特性、列车荷载下冻土路基的动力响应等7个方面的研究进展及成果，并结合各方向的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 冻土, 动力学, 交通工程, 寒区

Abstract: The Belt and Road initiative will bring extensive expansion of the transportation engineering in cold regions. To ensure the stability of these engineering infrastructures under dynamic load, the dynamics of frozen soil needs further systematic study. The dynamics of frozen soil involves the strength, deformation and stability of frozen soil under dynamic loading. Through literature reviewing, recent achievements and progress of the dynamics of frozen soil, including the dynamic parameters, dynamic strength and dynamic stress-strain relationship, dynamic creep and creep model, seismic response characteristics of frozen soil, dynamic response of pile foundation within frozen soil, dynamic response of frozen soil roadbed under railway, are summarized. Finally, future development tendency of the dynamics of frozen soil is prospected based on the review.

Key words: frozen soil, dynamics, transportation engineering, cold regions

中图分类号:

P642.14

陈敦, 马巍, 赵淑萍, 穆彦虎. 冻土动力学研究的现状及展望[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(4): 868-883.

CHEN Dun, MA Wei, ZHAO Shuping, MU Yanhu. Recent research progress and prospect of frozen soil dynamics[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2017, 39(4): 868-883.

参考文献

[1] Xu Xiaozu, Wang Jiacheng, Zhang Lixin. Physics of frozen soil[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Science Press, 2010.[徐敩祖, 王家澄, 张立新. 冻土物理学[M]. 2版. 北京:科学出版社, 2010.]
[2] Kondratiev V G. Strengthening railroad bass constructed on icy permafrost soil[C]//The cold regions infrastructure:an international imperative for the 21st century:Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cold Region Engineering. New York:American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996:688-699.
[3] Kondratyev V G, Pozin V A. An introduction to monitoring system of engineering-geocryology for railway under construction[M]. Chita, Russia:Zabtrans Print Complex, 2000.
[4] The Third Railway Survey and Design Institute. Permafrost engineering[M]. Beijing:China Railway Publishing House, 1994:154.[第三铁路勘测设计院. 冻土工程[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社, 1994:154.]
[5] Cheng Guodong. A roadbed cooling approach for the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2005, 42(4):169-176.
[6] Yin Guo'an, Niu Fujun, Lin Zhanju, et al. The distribution characteristics of permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and their response to environmental change[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(4):772-781.[尹国安, 牛富俊, 林战举, 等. 青藏铁路沿线多年冻土分布特征及其对环境变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(4):772-781.]
[7] Ma Wei, Liu Duan, Wu Qingbai. Monitoring and analysis of embankment deformation in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(3):571-579.[马巍, 刘端, 吴青柏. 青藏铁路冻土路基变形监测与分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2008, 29(3):571-579.]
[8] Tsytovich H A. Mechanics of frozen soil[M]. Zhang Changqing, trans. Beijing:Science Press, 1985:108-151.[崔托维奇H A. 冻土力学[M]. 张长庆, 译. 北京:科学出版社, 1985:108-151.]
[9] Ma Wei, Wang Dayan. Mechanics of frozen soil[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2014.[马巍, 王大雁. 冻土力学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2014.]
[10] Zhao Shuping, Zhu Yuanlin, He Ping, et al. Recent progress and suggestion in the research on dynamic response of frozen soil[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002, 24(5):681-686.[赵淑萍, 朱元林, 何平, 等. 冻土动力学研究的现状与进展[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(5):681-686.]
[11] Zhao Shuping, Zhu Yuanlin, He Ping, et al. Testing study on dynamic mechanics parameters of frozen soil[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2003, 22(2):2677-2681.[赵淑萍, 朱元林, 何平, 等. 冻土动力学参数测试研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(2):2677-2681.]
[12] Chaichanavong T. Dynamic properties of ice and frozen clay under cyclic triaxial loading conditions[D]. East Lansing, MI:Michigan State University, 1976.
[13] Li J C, Baladi G Y, Andersland O B. Cyclic triaxial tests on frozen sand[J]. Engineering Geology, 1979, 13(4):233-246.
[14] Vinson T S. Geotechnical engineering in cold regions[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1978:405-458.
[15] He Ping. The dynamic characteristics of saturated frozen silt[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1992.[何平. 饱和冻结粉土的动力特性[D]. 兰州:中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所, 1992.]
[16] He Ping, Zhu Yuanlin, Zhang Jiayi, et al. Dynamic elastic modules and dynamic strength saturated frozen silt[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1993, 15(1):170-174.[何平, 朱元林, 张家懿, 等. 饱和冻结粉土的动弹模与动强度[J]. 冰川冻土, 1993, 15(1):170-174.]
[17] Zhu Yuanlin, Zhao Shuping, He Ping, et al. The dynamic elastic parameters test of frozen soil[C]//Annual report of State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering:1998. Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1998:27-32.[朱元林, 赵淑萍, 何平, 等. 冻土的动弹性参数试验研究[C]//冻土工程国家重点实验室年报:1998. 兰州:中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所, 1998:27-32.]
[18] Yang Ping, Li Qiang. Experimental study of frozen soil mechanics performance and the acoustic parameters correlation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1997, 19(4):78-82.[杨平, 李强. 冻土力学性能与声波参数相关性试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 1997, 19(4):78-82.]
[19] Sheng Yu, Peng Wanwei, Fukuda M. Approach to the application of ultrasonic technology to measuring physical properties of frozen soils[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2001, 23(4):432-435.[盛煜, 彭万巍, 福田正己. 超声波技术在冻土物性测试中的应用探讨[J]. 冰川冻土, 2001, 23(4):432-435.]
[20] Wang Dayan, Zhu Yuanlin, Zhao Shuping, et al. The ultrasonic method dynamic elastic mechanics parameter test of permafrost research[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2002, 24(5):612-615.[王大雁, 朱元林, 赵淑萍, 等. 超声波法测定冻土动弹性力学参数试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2002, 24(5):612-615.]
[21] Ling Xianzhang, Xu Xueyan, Xu Chunhua, et al. Study on frozen Harbin silty clay through its measuring tests of ultrasonic velocity[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2002, 24(4):456-459.[凌贤长, 徐学燕, 徐春华, 等. 冻结哈尔滨粉质黏土超声波速测定试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2002, 24(4):456-459.]
[22] Christ M, Park Jun-Boum. Ultrasonic technique as tool for determining physical and mechanical properties of frozen soils[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2009, 58(3):136-142.
[23] Xu Xueyan, Zhong Congli, Chen Yaming, et al. Research on dynamic characters of frozen soil and determination of its parameters[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1998, 20(5):77-81.[徐学燕, 仲丛利, 陈亚明, 等. 冻土的动力特性研究及其参数确定[J]. 岩土工程学报, 1998, 20(5):77-81.]
[24] Shen Zhongyan, Zhang Jiayi. Dynamic strength characteristics and failure criterion of frozen silt[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1997, 19(2):141-148.[沈忠言, 张家懿. 冻结粉土的动强度特性及其破坏准则[J]. 冰川冻土, 1997, 19(2):141-148.]
[25] Wu Zhijian. Experimental study on the influence of temperature on the dynamic characteristics of frozen soil under dynamic loading[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, 2002.[吴志坚. 温度对动荷载作用下冻土动力特性影响的试验研究[D]. 兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所, 2002.]
[26] Shi Yehui. Dynamic response analysis of high temperature frozen soil subgrade under dynamic loading[D]. Lanzhou:Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2006.[施烨辉. 动荷载作用下高温冻土路基的动力响应分析[D]. 兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 2006.]
[27] Wang Lixia, Hu Qingli, Ling Xianzhang, et al. Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus of remolded frozen silty clay for Qinghai-Xizang railway[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2007, 27(2):177-180.[王丽霞, 胡庆立, 凌贤长, 等. 青藏铁路重塑冻结粉质黏土动剪切模量试验研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2007, 27(2):177-180.]
[28] Ling Xianzhang, Zhu Zhanyuan, Zhang Feng, et al. Dynamic elastic modulus for frozen soil from the embankment on Beiluhe basin along the Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2009, 57(1):7-12.
[29] Gao Zhihua, Lai Yuanming, Xiong Ergang, et al. Experimental study of characteristics of warm and ice-rich frozen clay under cyclic loading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(6):1744-1751.[高志华, 赖远明, 熊二刚, 等. 循环荷载作用下高温-高含冰量冻土特性试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(6):1744-1751.]
[30] Luo Fei, Zhao Shuping, Ma Wei, et al. Experimental study on dynamic elastic modulus of frozen soils under stepped axial cyclic loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(5):849-855.[罗飞, 赵淑萍, 马巍, 等. 分级加载下冻土动弹性模量的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(5):849-855.]
[31] Xu Chunhua, Xu Xueyan, Qiu Mingguo, et al. Experimental study on dynamic damping ratio of frozen soil under cyclic loading[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Architecture, 2002, 35(6):22-25.[徐春华, 徐学燕, 邱明国, 等. 循环荷载下冻土的动阻尼比试验研究[J]. 哈尔滨建筑大学学报, 2002, 35(6):22-25.]
[32] Nakano Y, Amold R. Acoustic properties of frozen Ottawa sand[J]. Water Resources Research, 1973, 9(1):178-184.
[33] Czajkowski R L, Vinson T S. Dynamic properties of frozen silt under cyclic loading[J]. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 1980, 106(9):963-980.
[34] Ting J M. Tertiary creep model for frozen sand[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1983, 109(7):932-945.
[35] Zhang Changqing, He Ping, Roman, et al. Long-term strength evaluation under vibration load[C]//Annual report of State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering:1993. Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1993:165-172.[张长庆, 何平, 罗曼, 等. 振动荷载作用下长期强度评价[C]//冻土工程国家重点实验室年报:1993. 兰州:中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所, 1993:165-172.]
[36] Shen Zhongyan, Zhang Jiayi. Strength of frozen silt dynamic load effect and long-term dynamic strength limit[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1998, 20(1):42-45.[沈忠言, 张家懿. 冻结粉土动强度的荷载效应及长期极限动强度[J]. 冰川冻土, 1998, 20(1):42-45.]
[37] Shen Zhongyan, Zhang Jiayi. The uniaxial compressive strength of frozen saturated silt under vibrating load[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1996, 18(2):162-169.[沈忠言, 张家懿. 振动荷载作用下饱和冻结粉土的单轴抗压强度[J]. 冰川冻土, 1996, 18(2):162-169.
[38] Wu Zhijian, Ma Wei, Wang Lanmin, et al. Laboratory study on the effect of temperature and confining pressure on strength of frozen soil under seismic dynamic loading[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25(6):648-652.[吴志坚, 马巍, 王兰民, 等. 地震荷载作用下温度和围压对冻土强度影响的试验研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(6):648-652.]
[39] Wang Lixia, Ling Xianzhang, Xu Xueyan, et al. Comparison of dynamic and static triaxial test on frozen silty clay of Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2005, 27(2):202-205.[王丽霞, 凌贤长, 徐学燕, 等. 青藏铁路冻结粉质粘土动静三轴试验对比[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2005, 27(2):202-205.]
[40] Zhang Shujuan, Lai Yuanming, Zhang Mingyi, et al. Temperature change and strength descent of frozen soils under dynamic loading[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2006, 28(1):131-135.[张淑娟, 赖远明, 张明义, 等. 动荷载作用下冻土温度变化及温度损失探讨[J]. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(1):131-135.]
[41] Zhang Shujuan, Lai Yuanming, Li Shuangyang, et al. Dynamic strength of frozen soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2008, 30(4):595-599.[张淑娟, 赖远明, 李双洋, 等. 冻土动强度特性试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2008, 30(4):595-599.]
[42] Lai Yuanming, Li Shuangyang, Gao Zhihua, et al. Stochastic damage constitutive model for warm frozen soil under uniaxial compression and its strength distribution[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(6):969-976.[赖远明, 李双洋, 高志华. 高温冻结粘土单轴随机损伤本构模型及强度分布规律[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(6):969-976.]
[43] Ling Xianzhang, Xu Xueyan, Qiu Mingguo, et al. Study on CT scanning of Harbin frozen silt clay before and after dynamic triaxial test[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2003, 22(8):1244-1249.[凌贤长, 徐学燕, 邱明国, 等. 冻结哈尔滨粉质粘土动三轴试验CT检测研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(8):1244-1249.]
[44] Ma Xiaojie, Zhang Jianming, Chang Xiaoxiao, et al. Experimental research on strength of warm and ice-rich frozen clays[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(9):2498-2502.[马小杰, 张建明, 常小晓, 等. 高温高含冰量冻结粘土强度试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2008, 29(9):2498-2502.]
[45] Konder R L. Hyperbolic stress strain response:cohesive soils[J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics & Foundations Division, 1963, 89(1):115-143.
[46] Hardin B O, Drnevich V P. Shear modulus and damping in soils design equations and curves[J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1972, 98(118):667-692.
[47] Martin G R, Finn W D L, Seed H B. Fundamentals for liquefaction under cyclic loading[J]. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 1975, 101(5):423-438.
[48] Vyalov. The rheological theory of soil mechanics[M]. Du Yupei, trans. Beijing:Science Press, 1978.[维亚洛夫. 土力学的流变原理[M]. 杜余培, 译. 北京:科学出版社, 1978.]
[49] Andersland O B, Douglas A G. Soil deformation rates and activation energies[J]. Géotechnique, 1970, 20(1):1-16.
[50] Vyalov S S. Determination of strength and creep for artificially frozen soils[M]. Leningrad, USSR:Leningr Otdelenie, 1981.
[51] Cai Zhongmin, Zhu Yuanlin, Zhang Changqing. Viscoelastoplastic constitutive model of frozen soil and determination of its parameters[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1990, 12(1):31-40.[蔡中民, 朱元林, 张长庆. 冻土的粘弹塑本构模型及材料参数的确定[J]. 冰川冻土, 1990, 12(1):31-40.]
[52] Zhu Yuanlin, Zhang Jia'ao, Peng Wanwei, et al. Constitutive relation of frozen soil in uniaxial compression[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1992, 14(3):210-217.[朱元林, 张家赘, 彭万巍, 等. 冻土的单轴压缩本构关系[J]. 冰川冻土, 1992, 14(3):210-217.]
[53] Miao Tiande, Niu Yonghong, Guo Li, et al. Modeling on coupled heat and moisture transfer in freezing soil using mixture theory[J]. Science in China:Series D, 1999, 42(Suppl 1):9-16.[苗天德, 郭力, 牛永红, 等. 正冻土中水热迁移问题的混合物理论模型[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 1999, 29(增刊1):8-14.]
[54] He Ping, Cheng Guodong, Zhu Yuanlin. Viscoelastic plastic damage constitutive theory of frozen soil[J]. Science in China:Series D, 1999, 29(Suppl 1):34-39.[何平, 程国栋, 朱元林. 冻土粘弹塑损伤耦合本构理论[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 1999, 29(增刊1):34-39.]
[55] Ma Wei, Zhu Yuanlin, Ma Wenting, et al. Analyses of deformation in frozen clayey soils[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2000, 22(1):43-47.[马巍, 朱元林, 马文婷. 冻结粘性土的变形分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2000, 22(1):43-47.]
[56] Liu Zengli, Zhang Xiaopeng, Li Hongsheng. A damage constitutive model for frozen soils under uniaxial compression based on CT dynamic distinguishing[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2005, 26(4):542-546.[刘增利, 张小鹏, 李洪升. 基于动态CT识别的冻土单轴压缩损伤本构模型[J]. 岩土力学, 2005, 26(4):542-546.]
[57] Wang Renhe, Li Dongwei, Wang Xiuxi. Improved Nishihara model and realization in ADINA FEM[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2006, 27(11):1954-1958.[汪仁和, 李栋伟, 王秀喜. 改进的西原模型及其在ADINA程序中的实现[J]. 岩土力学, 2006, 27(11):1954-1958.]
[58] Li Dongwei, Wang Renhe. Studying on two yield-surface rheological model of frozen soil by unloading state[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(11):2337-2342.[李栋伟, 汪仁和. 冻结黏土卸载状态下双屈服面流变本构关系研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(11):2337-2342.]
[59] Ning Jianguo, Zhu Zhiwu. Constitutive model of frozen soil with damage and numerical simulation of the coupled problem[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2007, 39(1):70-76.[宁建国, 朱志武. 含损伤的冻土本构模型及耦合问题数值分析[J]. 力学学报, 2007, 39(1):70-76.]
[60] Lai Yuanming, Jin Long, Chang Xiaoxiao. Yield criterion and elasto-plastic damage constitutive model for frozen sandy soil[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2009, 6(6):1177-1205.
[61] Lai Yuanming, Yang Yugui, Chang Xiaoxiao, et al. Strength criterion and elastoplastic constitutive model of frozen silt in generalized plastic mechanics[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2010, 26(10):1461-1484.
[62] Lai Yuanming, Xu Xiangtian, Yu Wenbin, et al. An experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior and a hyperplastic constitutive model of frozen loess[J]. International Journal of Engineering Science, 2014, 84(11):29-53.
[63] Zhou Zhiwei, Ma Wei, Xu Xiangtian, et al. Multiaxial creep of frozen loess[J]. Mechanics of Materials, 2016, 95:172-191.
[64] Zhu Yuanlin, He Ping, Zhang Jiayi, et al. Three axis creep model of frozen soil under the action of vibration load[J]. Natural Science Progress, 1998, 8(1):60-62.[朱元林, 何平, 张家懿, 等. 冻土在振动荷载作用下的三轴蠕变模型[J]. 自然科学进展, 1998, 8(1):60-62.]
[65] He Ping, Zhang Jiayi, Zhu Yuanlin, et al. Influence of vibration frequency on the failure of frozen soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1995, 17(3):78-81.[何平, 张家懿, 朱元林, 等. 振动频率对冻土破坏之影响[J]. 岩土工程学报, 1995, 17(3):78-81.]
[66] Li Haipeng, Zhu Yuanlin, He Ping. Experimental study on the dynamic creep strength of frozen soil under dynamic loading with confining pressure[C]//Proceeding of the International Symposium on Ground Freezing and Frost Action in Soils. Rotterdam, the Netherlands:A. A. Balkema Publishers, 2000:131-135.
[67] Zhao Shuping, He Ping, Zhu Yuanlin, et al. Comparison between dynamic and static creep characteristics of frozen silt[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2006, 28(12):2160-2163.[赵淑萍, 何平, 朱元林, 等. 冻结粉土的动静蠕变特征比较[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2006, 28(12):2160-2163.]
[68] Zhao Shuping, Ma Wei, Jiao Guide, et al. The features of strain and strength of frozen silt under long-time dynamic loading[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(1):144-151.[赵淑萍, 马巍, 焦贵德, 等. 长期动荷载作用下冻结粉土的变形和强度特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(1):144-151.]
[69] Zhao Shuping, Ma Wei, Zheng Jianfeng, et al. The dynamic creep strength of frozen silt[J]. Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 2007, 26(10):285-293.[赵淑萍, 马巍, 郑剑锋, 等. 冻结粉土的动蠕变强度[J]. 实验室研究与探索, 2007, 26(10):285-293.]
[70] Zhao Shuping, He Ping, Zhu Yuanlin, et al. Creep characteristics of frozen sand under dynamic loading[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002, 24(3):270-274.[赵淑萍, 何平, 朱元林, 等. 冻结砂土在动荷载下的蠕变特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(3):270-274.]
[71] Zhu Zhanyuan, Ling Xianzhang, Chen Shijun, et al. Experimental investigation on the train-induced subsidence prediction model of Beiluhe permafrost subgrade along the Qinghai-Tibet railway in China[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2010, 62(1):67-75.
[72] Ladanyi B. An engineering theory of creep of frozen soils[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1972, 9(1):63-80.
[73] Chamberlain E J, Groves E, Perham R. The mechanical behaviour of frozen earth materials under high pressure triaxial test conditions[J]. Géotechnique, 1972, 22(3):469-483.
[74] Parameswaran V R, Jones S J. Triaxial testing of frozen sand[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1981, 27(95):147-156.
[75] Wijeweera H, Joshi R C. Creep and strength behavior of fine-grained frozen soils[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1990, 27:472-483.
[76] Gardner A R, Jones R H. A new creep equation for frozen soils and ice[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 1984, 9:271-275.
[77] Singh S, Donovan N C. Seismic response of frozen-thawed soil systems proceedings[C]//Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. New Delhi, India:K. A. Rastogi, 1977:2262-2267.
[78] Finn D L, Yong R N. Seismic response of frozen ground[J]. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 1978, 104(10):1225-1241.
[79] Vinson T S, Li J C. Dynamic properties if frozen sand under simulated earthquake loading conditions[C]//Proceeding of the 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Istanbul, Turkey:Turkish National Committee on Earthquake Engineering, 1980:65-72.
[80] Qiu Yujie, Yang Yucheng, Liu Hongxu. Effects of frozen soils on response of multistory brick buildings[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 1996(4):51-54.[邱玉洁, 杨玉成, 刘鸿绪. 冻土层对多层砖房动力特性的影响[J]. 世界地震工程, 1996(4):51-54.]
[81] Liu Hongxu, Sun Yanfu, Chen Yaming, et al. Influence of seasonally frozen ground on the seismic damages of buildings[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1998, 20(1):46-50.[刘鸿绪, 孙彦福, 陈亚明, 等. 季节冻土层对房屋地震破坏的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 1998, 20(1):46-50.]
[82] Yang Baipo, Sun Pingshan, Shen Jie. Method of damage prediction for multi-storeyed brick building on the site with frozen layer[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 1999, 19(2):87-94.[杨柏坡, 孙平善, 申杰. 有冻土层场地上多层砖房的震害预测方法[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 1999, 19(2):87-94.]
[83] Xu Xueyan, Xu Chunhua, Li Xiaozhi. Research on earthquake acceleration response spectrum of frozen soil ground[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2003, 25(6):680-683.[徐学燕, 徐春华, 李晓稚. 冻土场地地震加速度反应谱研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2003, 25(6):680-683.]
[84] Qi Jilin, Ma Wei, Sun Chongshao, et al. Seismic response analysis of seasonally frozen ground of Zhangye area[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(12):2082-2088.[齐吉琳, 马巍, 孙崇绍, 等. 张掖地区季节冻土场地上的地震动效应[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(12):2082-2088.]
[85] Wu Zhijian, Wang Lanmin, Sun Junjie, et al. Characteristics of microseism at typical permafrost sites in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(11):2316-2323.[吴志坚, 王兰民, 孙军杰, 等. 青藏高原典型多年冻土场地地面脉动特征[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(11):2316-2323.]
[86] Zhang Xiangdong, Liu Jiashun, Lan Changyu, et al. Dynamic test analysis of frozen aeolian soil under earthquake loading[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2011, 22(2):135-142.[张向东, 刘家顺, 兰常玉, 等. 辽西地区冻风积土动力特性试验分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2011, 22(2):135-142.]
[87] Chen Xingchong, Gao Feng, Wu Shaohai. Effect of frozen soil layer on seismic response of bridges[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2007, 24(3):120-125.[陈兴冲, 高峰, 吴少海. 冻土层对桥梁地震反应的影响[J]. 工程力学, 2007, 24(3):120-125.]
[88] Chen Xingchong, Yan Songhong, Gao Feng. Stochastic earthquake response analysis of bridge piers in the permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2006, 22(1):79-83.[陈兴冲, 严松宏, 高峰. 青藏铁路多年冻土区桥墩随机地震反应分析[J]. 世界地震工程, 2006, 22(1):79-83.]
[89] Li Tao, Wei Qingchao, Liu Lin. Effect of climate getting warmer on the seismic safety performance of Qinghai-Tibet railway bridges in the perennial frozen soil region[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2006, 27(4):104-109.[李涛, 魏庆朝, 刘林. 青藏铁路多年冻土区桥梁地基融化时的抗震安全性分析[J]. 铁道学报, 2006, 27(4):104-109.]
[90] Yan Songhong, Yu Lusong, Chen Xingchong, et al. Analysis of the earthquake responses of Qinghai-Tibet railway piers for various foundations[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2008, 30(3):78-82.[严松宏, 虞庐松, 陈兴冲, 等. 青藏铁路3种基础型式的桥墩地震反应分析[J]. 铁道学报, 2008, 30(3):78-82.]
[91] Sun Jiangang, Wang Lili, Wei Zhizhen. Influence of seasonally frozen ground on the seismic response of tanks[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2003, 19(4):121-126.[孙建刚, 王莉莉, 魏志真. 季节性冻土层对立式储罐地震反应的影响[J]. 世界地震工程, 2003, 19(4):121-126.]
[92] Wang Lixia, Ling Xianzhang, Xu Xueyan, et al. Study on response spectrum characteristics of earthquake acceleration for roadbed on permafrost site[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(8):1330-1335.[王丽霞, 凌贤长, 徐学燕, 等. 多年冻土场地路基地震加速度反应谱特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2004, 23(8):1330-1335.]
[93] Gao Feng, Chen Xingchong, Yan Songhong. Study on seismic responses of bridges in permafrost and seasonal frozen regions[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2006, 28(5):71-77.[高峰, 陈兴冲, 严松宏. 季节性冻土区和多年冻土区桥梁结构地震反应分析[J]. 铁道学报, 2006, 28(5):71-77.]
[94] Wang Lixia, Ling Xianzhang, Hu Qingli, et al. Numerical analysis of seismic dynamic response of permafrost-subgrade on the Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Journal of China & Foreign Highway, 2010, 30(4):31-34.[王丽霞, 凌贤长, 胡庆立, 等. 青藏铁路冻土场地-路基地震动力反应数值分析[J]. 中外公路, 2010, 30(4):31-34.]
[95] Ma Lifeng. Dynamic response and stability analysis of the embankment on slopes in permafrost regions[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2010.[马立峰. 动荷载条件下多年冻土区斜坡路基稳定性研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2010.]
[96] Li Shuangyang, Zhang Shujuan, Zhao De'an, et al. Dynamical analysis model for frozen embankment and seismic hazard assessment of Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(7):2179-2187.[李双洋, 张淑娟, 赵德安, 等. 冻土路基动力分析模型及青藏铁路地震灾害评估[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(7):2179-2187.]
[97] Yao Hongxi, Su Qian, Chen Xiao. Earthquake stability analysis and research on skid-resistance measures of permafrost sloping embankment on Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Sciencepaper Online, 2009, 4(7):512-516.[姚洪锡, 苏谦, 陈潇. 青藏线多年冻土区斜坡路基地震稳定分析及抗滑措施研究[J]. 中国科技论文在线, 2009, 4(7):512-516.]
[98] Li Hui. Embankment in permafrost regions slope stability analysis under earthquake load[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2010.[李慧. 地震荷载作用下多年冻土区斜坡路堤稳定性分析[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2010.]
[99] Liu Zhiqiang, Lu Hao. Frozen soil roadbed dynamic response under seismic action[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(4):807-812.[刘志强, 陆昊. 冻土路基在地震作用下的动力响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(4):807-812.]
[100] Zhang Jianming, Zhu Yuanlin, Zhang Jiayi. Experimental study on settlement of model piles in frozen soil under dynamic loading[J]. Science in China:Series D, 1999, 42(Suppl 1):30-37.[张建明, 朱元林, 张家懿. 动荷载下冻土中模型桩的沉降试验研究[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 1998, 29(增刊1):28-33.]
[101] Dufour S, Sego D C, Morgenstern N R. Vibratory model pile driving in frozen sand[C]//Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Permafrost. Washington, D.C.:National Academy Press, 1983:255-260.
[102] Sterlzer D L, Andersland O B. Model pile-settlement behavior in frozen sand[J]. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 1991, 5(1):1-13.
[103] Vaziri H, Han Yingcai. Full-scale field studies of the dynamic response of piles embedded in partially frozen soils[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1991, 28(5):708-718.
[104] Han Y C, Vaziri H, Hubble D. Dynamic response of pile foundations in frozen soils[C]//Canadian Geotechnical Conference, 1991, 40:1-40.
[105] Li Qiang, Wang Kuihua, Xie Kanghe. Dynamic response of vertically vibrating pile during freezing and thawing[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2006, 28(1):48-55.[李强, 王奎华, 谢康和. 冻融作用下基桩竖向振动动力特性研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2006, 28(1):48-55.]
[106] Wu Zhijian, Che Ailan, Chen Tuo, et al. Test study and numerical analysis of seismic response of pile foundation of bridge at permafrost regions along Qinghai-Tibet railroad[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(11):3516-3524.[吴志坚, 车爱兰, 陈拓, 等. 青藏铁路多年冻土区桥梁桩基础地震响应的试验研究与数值分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(11):3516-3524.]
[107] Ma Zhonghua. Numerical model tests of dynamic pile-soil interaction in frozen soils under horizontal load[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2011.[马中华. 水平荷载作用下冻土中桩-土动力相互作用的数值模型试验[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2011.]
[108] Li Yongbo. Seismic response analysis of grand bridge including dynamic frozen soil-pile interaction[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2013.[李永波. 考虑冻土-桩动力相互作用的长大桥梁地震响应分析[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2013.]
[109] Yu Yang. Study on the dynamic response of frozen embankment under train vibration load[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2006.[于洋. 冻土路基列车行驶振动反应研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2006.]
[110] Li Tao. Dynamic analysis of subgrade structure of Qinghai-Tibet railway in permafrost region[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2007(3):29-32.[李涛. 青藏铁路多年冻土区路基结构的动力分析[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2007(3):29-32.]
[111] Zhu Zhiwu, Ning Jianguo, Ma Wei. Constitutive model and numerical analysis for the couple of water temperature and stress fields in the process of soil freeze-thaw[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2007, 24(5):138-144.[朱志武, 宁建国, 马巍. 土体冻融过程中水、热、力三场耦合本构问题及数值分析[J]. 工程力学, 2007, 24(5):138-144.]
[112] Li Shuangyang, Zhang Mingyi, Zhang Shujuan, et al. Analysis of the dynamic response of Qinghai-Tibetan railway embankment in permafrost regions under train load[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2008, 30(5):860-867.[李双洋, 张明义, 张淑娟, 等. 列车荷载下青藏铁路冻土路基动力响应分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2008, 30(5):860-867.]
[113] Chang Liwu, Xu Yanjie, Le Jinchao. Simulation experiment of dynamic responses of high temperature frozen subgrade to dynamic loading[J]. Journal of the Railway Society, 2011, 33(11):80-84.[常利武, 徐艳杰, 乐金朝. 动荷载作用下高温冻土路基动力响应的模拟试验研究[J]. 铁道学报, 2011, 33(11):80-84.]
[114] Shi Yehui. Study on the stability of frozen soil subgrade under the action of the train load and freezing thawing cycles[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2011.[施烨辉. 列车荷载和冻融循环作用下冻土路基稳定性研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2011.]
[115] Gu Haidong. Numerical analysis of frozen soil foundation ender traffic dynamic loading[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2009.[古海东. 轨道交通荷载作用下冻土路基的动力反应分析[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2009.]
[116] Liu Chao, Che Ailan, Wu Zhijian, et al. Stability of embankments in permafrost regions considering temperature field coupled with dynamic field[J]. Chinse Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33(1):459-464.[刘超, 车爱兰, 吴志坚, 等. 温度及机车载荷耦合作用下多年冻土区路基稳定性研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2011, 33(1):459-464.]
[117] Huang Zhijun, Lai Yuanming, Li Shuangyang, et al. Dynamic response of embankment in permafrost regions under traffic load[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(2):408-426.[黄志军, 赖远明, 李双洋, 等. 交通荷载作用下冻土路基动力响应分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(2):408-426.]
[118] Kong Xiangbing, Zhao Shuping, Mu Yanhu, et al. Research on the calculation of dynamic stress of embankment in permafrost regions under train load[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(6):1490-1498.[孔祥兵, 赵淑萍, 穆彦虎, 等. 列车荷载作用下冻土路基中的动应力计算研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(6):1490-1498.]
[119] Chen Shijun. Train-induced vibration response of permafrost subgrade with ice layer and unfrozen interlayer along the Qinghai-Tibet railway[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2013.[陈士军. 青藏线含融化夹层和地下冰冻土路基列车行驶振动响应[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2013.]
[120] Shi Feng. Consolidation and deformation of thawing soil under dynamic loading[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2014.[石峰. 动荷载条件下冻土融化固结与变形试验研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2014.]
[121] Kong Xiangbing, Zhao Shuping, Mu Yanhu, et al. Research on the stress distribution within embankment on permafrost under train load in a year[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(5):1205-1212.[孔祥兵, 赵淑萍, 穆彦虎, 等. 一年内列车荷载作用下冻土路基的应力分布[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(5):1205-1212.]
[122] Zhu Zhanyuan, Ling Xianzhang, Zhang Feng. Field monitoring on vibration response of railway structure in the seasonally frozen region in summer[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2009, 14(12):41-45.[朱占元, 凌贤长, 张锋, 等. 季节冻土区夏季轨道结构振动反应现场监测[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2009, 14(12):41-45.]
[123] Mu Yanhu, Ma Wei, Niu Fujun, et al. Monitoring and analyzing the thermal conditions of traditional embankments along the Qinghai-Tibet railway[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(4):953-961.[穆彦虎, 马巍, 牛富俊, 等. 青藏铁路多年冻土区普通路基热状况监测分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(4):953-961.]
[124] Chen Tuo, Wu Zhijian, Che Ailan, et al. Test study on dynamic responses of railroad embankments in permafrost regions under train dynamic loading[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2011, 31(1):168-173.[陈拓, 吴志坚, 车爱兰, 等. 机车动荷载作用下多年冻土区铁路路基动力响应的试验研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2011, 31(1):168-173.]
[125] Wu Zhijian, Chen Tuo, Ma Wei. Characteristics of load transmission of trains in permafrost regions along Qinghai-Tibet railroad[J]. Chinse Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(Suppl 1):9-13.[吴志坚, 陈拓, 马巍. 青藏铁路多年冻土区机车荷载传递特性分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(增刊1):9-13.]
[126] Ling Xianzhang, Chen Shijun, Zhu Zhanyuan, et al. Field monitoring on the train-induced vibration response of track structure in the Beiluhe permafrost region along Qinghai-Tibet railway in China[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2010, 60(1):75-83.
[127] Ma Yue, Zhu Zhiwu, Ma Wei. Characteristics of stress-strain curves and convergence phenomenon of frozen soil under dynamic loading[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2015, 32(10):52-59.[马悦, 朱志武, 马巍, 等. 冻土冲击动态应力-应变曲线特征及汇聚现象分析[J]. 工程力学, 2015, 32(10):52-59.]
[128] Chen Bosheng, Hu Shisheng, Ma Qinyong, et al. Experimental research of dynamic mechanical behaviors of frozen soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2005, 37(6):724-728.[陈柏生, 胡时胜, 马芹永, 等. 冻土动态力学性能的实验研究[J]. 力学学报, 2005, 37(6):724-728.]
[129] Ma Qinyong. Experimental analysis of dynamic mechanical properties for artificially frozen clay by the split Hopkinson pressure bar[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2010, 51(3):448-452.
[130] Zhang Haidong, Zhu Zhiwu, Song Shuncheng, et al. Dynamic behavior of frozen soil under uniaxial strain and stress conditions[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2012, 34(2):229-238.
[131] Yu Qihao, Zhu Yuanlin, Zhang Jianmin, et al. Effect of pendulum speed on impact toughness of frozen soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1997, 19(4):21-24.[俞祁浩, 朱元林, 张健民, 等. 冲击速度对冻土冲击韧度的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报, 1997, 19(4):21-24.]
[132] Ma Yue. Dynamic mechanical properties and failure mechanism of frozen soil[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University, 2011.[马悦. 冻土冲击动态力学性能及其破坏机理研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学, 2011.]
[133] Yang Nianhua. Practices and understandings on blasting of frozen ground[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2000(4):95-97.[杨年华. 冻土爆破的实践与认识[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2000(4):95-97.]
[134] Gao Song. Application research on construction technique in permafrost blasting[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University, 2001.[高嵩. 多年冻土爆破施工技术应用研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学, 2001.]
[135] Ma Qinyong, Cai Meifeng. Experiment research on driliability and blastability of frozen soil[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Meeting of the Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press, 2002:668-671.[马芹永, 蔡美峰. 冻土可钻行与可爆性的试验研究[C]//中国岩土力学与工程学会第七次会议大会论文集. 北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2002:668-671.]
[136] Fu Hongxian, Feng Shuyu, Zhang Zhiyi. Frozen soil blasting and its advanced research progress[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2002, 24(6):105-110.[傅洪贤, 冯叔瑜, 张志毅. 冻土爆破研究的最新进展[J]. 铁道学报, 2002, 24(6):105-110.]