青藏高原可可西里卓乃湖溃决出露湖底多年冻土形成过程的监测与模拟

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0105

冰川冻土 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 949-956.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0105

青藏高原可可西里卓乃湖溃决出露湖底多年冻土形成过程的监测与模拟

张钰鑫^1,2, 谢昌卫¹, 赵林¹, 吴通华¹, 庞强强¹, 刘广岳¹, 王武¹, 刘文惠^1,2

1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2017-07-25 修回日期:2017-09-22 出版日期:2017-10-25 发布日期:2018-01-27
通讯作者: 谢昌卫,E-mail:xiecw@lzb.ac.cn E-mail:xiecw@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:张钰鑫(1992-),男,山东潍坊人,2015年在山东师范大学获学士学位,现为中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院在读硕士研究生,从事寒区环境与冻土学方面的研究.E-mail:zhangyx@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41421061；41671068；41401086）；中国科学院“百人计划”项目（51Y551831）资助

The formation of permafrost in the bottom of the Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after an outburst: monitoring and simulation

ZHANG Yuxin^1,2, XIE Changwei¹, ZHAO Lin¹, WU Tonghua¹, PANG Qiangqiang¹, LIU Guangyue¹, WANG Wu¹, LIU Wenhui^1,2

1. Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2017-07-25 Revised:2017-09-22 Online:2017-10-25 Published:2018-01-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用可可西里卓乃湖综合监测场获取的气象、地温等数据资料，分析了卓乃湖溃决后出露湖底融区冻土的形成过程。结果表明卓乃湖溃决后的三年时间里，多年冻土下限深度分别达到4.9 m、5.4 m、5.7 m，呈现出不断增长的趋势。利用Lunardini构建的冻土形成过程模型模拟了多年冻土的形成速率和形成过程，并在此基础上初步分析了地表温度和土壤含水量对研究区多年冻土形成速率的影响。模型模拟结果显示研究区多年冻土将继续增长，多年冻土的形成速率呈现先快后慢的增长趋势并最终达到稳定状态。地表温度和土壤含水量是影响多年冻土形成的重要因素。随着温度的降低，多年冻土的形成速率逐渐加快。当地表温度不变时，在多年冻土形成初期，岩土含水量越小，多年冻土的形成速率越快。

关键词: 多年冻土, 形成过程, 数值模拟, 影响因素, 卓乃湖

Abstract: In September 2011, Lake Zonag, a famous lake in the Hoh Xil area, was broken after years of expansion and the lake body shrank dramatically. Permafrost developed on the bottom of the lake after the lake outburst. Based on the data of meteorological and ground temperature by the lake, the formation process of permafrost on the bottom of the lake was analyzed. Observation data indicated that the permafrost base increased to 4.9, 5.4 and 5.7 m, respectively, in 2012, 2013 and 2014 in borehole 1. By using numerical model, the rate and process of permafrost formation were simulated. Simulation results show that the thickness of the frozen soil layer increases with time, and that it will take 200 years for the frozen soil to reach 30 m. The lower the temperature, the faster the formation of frozen soil. When the surface temperature is unchanged, the rate of permafrost formation will decrease with the increase of soil water content.

Key words: permafrost, formation, numerical simulation, influence factors, Zonag Lake

中图分类号:

P642.14

张钰鑫, 谢昌卫, 赵林, 吴通华, 庞强强, 刘广岳, 王武, 刘文惠. 青藏高原可可西里卓乃湖溃决出露湖底多年冻土形成过程的监测与模拟[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 949-956.

ZHANG Yuxin, XIE Changwei, ZHAO Lin, WU Tonghua, PANG Qiangqiang, LIU Guangyue, WANG Wu, LIU Wenhui. The formation of permafrost in the bottom of the Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after an outburst: monitoring and simulation[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2017, 39(5): 949-956.

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青藏高原可可西里卓乃湖溃决出露湖底多年冻土形成过程的监测与模拟

The formation of permafrost in the bottom of the Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after an outburst: monitoring and simulation

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