1976-2017年青藏高原可可西里盐湖面积动态变化及成因分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0006

冰川冻土 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 47-54.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0006

1976-2017年青藏高原可可西里盐湖面积动态变化及成因分析

杜玉娥^1,2, 刘宝康^3,4, 贺卫国⁵, 段水强⁶, 侯扶江¹, 王宗礼¹

1. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 甘肃兰州 730020;
2. 甘肃省科学院自然能源研究所, 甘肃兰州 730020;
3. 青海省气象科学研究所, 青海西宁 810001;
4. 青海省防灾减灾重点实验室, 青海西宁 810001;
5. 广东财经大学信息学院, 广东广州 510320;
6. 青海省水文水资源勘查局, 青海西宁 810001

收稿日期:2017-09-18 修回日期:2017-11-19 出版日期:2018-02-25 发布日期:2018-04-13
通讯作者: 王宗礼,E-mail:wangzongli@sina.com E-mail:wangzongli@sina.com
作者简介:杜玉娥(1974-),甘肃灵台人,工程师,1999毕业于兰州理工大学,现为兰州大学在读博士研究生,从事湖泊、草地遥感和能源估算研究.E-mail:duye12@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省科学院自然能源所应用与开发项目“柴达木盆地植被变化特征及其对气候变化的响应研究”（D0281）资助

Dynamic change and cause analysis of Salt Lake area in Hoh Xil on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 1976-2017

DU Yu'e^1,2, LIU Baokang^3,4, HE Weiguo⁵, DUAN Shuiqiang⁶, HOU Fujiang¹, WANG Zongli¹

1. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;
2. Natural Energy Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3. Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Xining 810001, China;
4. Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Disaster Reduction in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China;
5. Information Science School, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;
6. Hydrology and Water Resource Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China

Received:2017-09-18 Revised:2017-11-19 Online:2018-02-25 Published:2018-04-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 青藏高原湖泊是全球气候变化的敏感指示器。近56年来，可可西里地区气候呈显著暖湿化趋势，其中气温上升速率为0.33℃·（10a）^-1（R=0.746，P<0.01），降水增加速率为23.4mm·（10a）^-1（R=0.422，P<0.01）。近40年来，盐湖面积总体呈增大趋势，其中，1976-2011年溃堤前盐湖面积以1.63 km²·a^-1的速率扩大，溃堤后以8.51 km²·a^-1的速率持续扩大。总体来看，近40多年来，盐湖面积先后经历了缓慢增大（1976-2011年）→急剧增大（2012-2013年）→稳定增大（2014-2017年）三个阶段。盐湖面积前期缓慢扩大的主要原因是可可西里地区气候暖湿化的结果，而后期面积急剧扩大的主要原因是因为2011年9月15日盐湖上游的卓乃湖溃堤，导致下游的3个湖泊（库赛湖、海丁诺尔湖和盐湖）串连成一体；冰川和冻土融水可能是引起可可西里盐湖面积扩张的原因，但并非主要原因。后期盐湖面积还将呈稳定增大趋势。盐湖面积扩大导致盐湖湖水淡化，周边草地受到淹没破坏的面积不断扩大，这种变化不仅对其周边草地生态环境产生破坏，还可能对可可西里周边重大工程设施产生不利影响。鉴于盐湖面积今后还将持续增大，并对其周边重大工程设施产生不利影响。因此，应用多源卫星资料对盐湖进行长期持续的跟踪观测仍将是相关政府部门关注的重点。

关键词: 青藏高原, 可可西里, 盐湖面积, 卓乃湖溃堤, 成因分析

Abstract: Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive indicators of global climate change. In the last 55 years, the climate of the Hoh Xil region showed a significant warm and wet trend, in which the temperature rise rate was 0.33℃·(10a)^-1 (R=0.746, P<0.01), and the increasing rate of precipitation was 23.4 mm·(10a)^-1 (R=0.422, P<0.01). Over the past 40 years, the area of salt lake has shown an increasing trend. Among them, the area of Salt Lake before dike burst increased by 1.63 km²· a^-1 from 1976 to 2011, and after dike burst it continued to expand at the rate of 8.51 km²·a^-1. On the whole, in the past 40 years, the area of Salt Lake has experienced three stages:slowly increasing (1976-2011)→sharply increasing (2012-2013)→steadily increasing (2014-2017). The main reason for the early expansion of the Salt Lake area was the warm and wet of the climate in the Hoh Xil region. The reason for the sharp increase in the area in the later period was due to the dike burst of the Zonag Lake in the upper branches of the Salt Lake on September 15, 2011, resulting in three lakes downstream (Lake Kosei, Lake Dinard Noir), and Salt Lake are connected in a row; glacial and frozen water melting may be the cause of the expansion of the Hoh Xil Salt Lake area, but it is not the main reason. In the later period, the area of Saline Lake will also show a steady increase trend. The expansion of the Salt Lake area has led to the desalinization of Salt Lake, and the area where the surrounding grassland has been submerged and destroyed continues to expand. Which not only damages the ecological environment surrounding grassland, but may also have an adverse effects on major engineering facilities around Hoh Xil. In view of the fact that the area of Salt Lake will continue to increase in the future, it will adversely affect the major engineering facilities around it. Therefore, long-term and continuous tracking and observation of Salt Lake Lake using multi-source satellite data will remain the focus of relevant government departments.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Hoh Xil, Salt Lake area, outburst of Zonag Lake, cause analysis

中图分类号:

P343.3

杜玉娥, 刘宝康, 贺卫国, 段水强, 侯扶江, 王宗礼. 1976-2017年青藏高原可可西里盐湖面积动态变化及成因分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(1): 47-54.

DU Yu'e, LIU Baokang, HE Weiguo, DUAN Shuiqiang, HOU Fujiang, WANG Zongli. Dynamic change and cause analysis of Salt Lake area in Hoh Xil on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 1976-2017[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2018, 40(1): 47-54.

参考文献

[1] Zhu Liping, Xie Manping, Wu Yanhong. Quantitative analysis of lake area variations and the influence factors from 1971 to 2004 in the Nam Co Basin of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(13):1294-1303.[朱立平, 谢曼平, 吴艳红. 西藏纳木错1971-2004年湖泊面积变化及其原因的定量分析[J]. 科学通报, 2010, 55(18):1789-1798.]
[2] Wei Zhigang, Huang Ronghui, Dong Wenjie. Interannual and interdecadal changes of temperature and precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 27(2):157-170.[韦志刚, 黄荣辉, 董文杰. 青藏高原气温和降水的年际和年代际变化[J]. 大气科学, 2003, 27(2):157-170.]
[3] Li Shijie, Li Wanchun, Xia Weilan, et al. The preliminary report of modern lakes changes and investigationin the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Lake Science, 1998, 10(4):95-96.[李世杰, 李万春, 夏威岚, 等. 青藏高原现代湖泊变化与考察初步报告[J]. 湖泊科学, 1998, 10(4):95-96.]
[4] Liu Baokang, Li Lin, Du Yu'e, et al. Causes of the outburst of Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil, Tibetan Plateau, and its impact on surrounding environment[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(2):305-311.[刘宝康, 李林, 杜玉娥, 等. 青藏高原可可西里卓乃湖溃堤成因及其影响分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(2):305-311.]
[5] Zhang Yuxin, Xie Changwei, Zhao Lin, et al. The formation of permafrost in the bottom of the Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after an outburst:monitoring and simulation[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2017, 39(5):949-956.[张钰鑫, 谢昌卫, 赵林, 等. 青藏高原可可西里卓乃湖溃决出露湖底多年冻土形成过程的监测与模拟[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5):949-956.]
[6] Baban S M J. Use of remote sensing and geographical information systems in developing lake management strategies[M]//The Ecological Bases for Lake and Reservoir Management. Springer, Dordrecht, 1999:211-226.
[7] Birkett C M. Synergistic remote sensing of Lake Chad:variability of basin inundation[J]. Remote sensing of environment, 2000, 72(2):218-236.
[8] Lu Anxin, Wang Lihong, Yao Tandong. Study on remote sensing method of modern change of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lakes[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2006, 21(3):174-177.[鲁安新, 王丽红, 姚檀栋. 青藏高原湖泊现代变化遥感方法研究[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2006, 21(3):174-177.]
[9] Li Junli, Sheng Yongwei, Luo Jiancheng et al. Remote sensing mapping of inland lakes change in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2011, 23(3):311-320.[李均力, 盛永伟, 骆剑承, 等. 青藏高原内陆湖泊变化的遥感制图[J]. 湖泊科学, 2011, 23(3):311-320.]
[10] Han Fang, Li Xinghua, Gao Layun. The dynamic characteristics of Dalinuoer Wetland in Inner Mongolia based on remote sensing[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Eidition), 2007, 28(1):74-78.[韩芳, 李兴华, 高拉云. 内蒙古达里诺尔湖泊湿地动态的遥感监测[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 28(1):74-78.]
[11] Ma Mingguo, Song Yi, Wang Xuemei. The dynamic monitoring study of remote sensing of Ruoqiang Lake group of Xinjiang in 1973-2006[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(5):1237-1246.[马明国, 宋怡, 王雪梅. 1973-2006年新疆若羌湖泊群遥感动态监测研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(5):1237-1246.]
[12] Shao Zhaogang, Zhu Dagang, Meng Xiangang, et al. Discussion on the present climate change from warm dry to warm wet in Northwest China[J]. Geologcal Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(12):1633-1645.[邵兆刚, 朱大岗, 孟宪刚, 等. 青藏高原近25年来主要湖泊变迁的特征[J]. 地质通报, 2007, 26(12):1633-1645.]
[13] Zhang Jicheng, Jiang Qigang, Li Yuanhua, et al. Study on dynamic monitoring and climatic background of lake change in Tibet based on RS/GIS[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2008, 30(1):87-93.[张继承, 姜琦刚, 李远华, 等. 基于RS/GIS的西藏地区湖泊变化动态监测及气候背景[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2008, 30(1):87-93.]
[14] Bianduo, Yang Zhigang, Li Lin, et al. The response of lake changes to climate fluctuations in Nagqu Region, Tibet in recent 30 years[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(5):510-518.[边多, 杨志刚, 李林, 等. 近30年来西藏那曲地区湖泊变化对气候波动的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(5):510-518.]
[15] Duan Shuiqiang, Cao Guangchao, Liu Tao, et al. The recent expansion characteristics and origin of lakes of Qiangtang basin in Qinghai Province[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(5):1237-1246.[段水强, 曹广超, 刘弢, 等. 青海羌塘盆地近期湖泊扩张特征及成因[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(5):1237-1246.]
[16] Zhang Guoqing, Xie Hongjie, Kang Shichang, et al. Monitoring lake level changes on the Tibetan Plateau using ICESat altimetry data (2003-2009)[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2011, 115(7):1733-1742.
[17] Yao Xiaojun, Liu Shiyin, Sun Meiping, et al. Overflow probability of the Salt Lake in Hoh Xil region[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(9):1520-1527.[姚晓军, 刘时银, 孙美平, 等. 可可西里地区盐湖湖水外溢可能性初探[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(9):1520-1527.]
[18] Shi Yafeng, Shen Yongping, Li Dongliang, et al. Discussion on the present climate change from warm dry to warm wet in Northwest China[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(2):154-164.[施雅风, 沈永平, 李栋梁, 等. 中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的特征和趋势探讨[J]. 第四季研究, 2003, 23(2):154-164.]
[19] Shi Yafeng. China concise glacier inventory[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Popular Science Press, 2005.[施雅风. 简明中国冰川目录[M]. 上海:上海科学普及出版社, 2005.]
[20] Liu Shiyin, Yao Xiaojun, Guo Wanqin, et al. The contemporary glaciers in China based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(1):3-16.[刘时银, 姚晓军, 郭万钦, 等. 基于第二次冰川编目的中国冰川现状[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(1):3-16.]
[21] Zhao Lin, Cheng Guodong, Li Shuxun, et al. Thawing and freezing processes of active layer in Wudaoliang region of Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(23):2181-2187.[赵林, 程国栋, 李述训, 等. 青藏高原五道梁附近多年冻土活动层冻结和融化过程[J]. 科学通报, 2000, 45(11):1205-1211.]
[22] Liu Baokang, Du Yu'e, Li Lin, et al. Outburst flooding of the moraine-dammed Zhuonai Lake on Tibetan plateau:causes and impacts[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2016, 13(4):570-574.
[23] Chang Yaping, Zhong Dan, Li Haojie, et al. Land surface temperature retrieved from HJ-1B satellite data in the upper reaches of the Shule River[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(4):954-962.[苌亚平, 种丹, 李浩杰, 等. 基于HJ-1B卫星数据的疏勒河上游流域地表温度反演[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(4):954-962.]

1976-2017年青藏高原可可西里盐湖面积动态变化及成因分析

Dynamic change and cause analysis of Salt Lake area in Hoh Xil on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 1976-2017

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 9

[1]	徐田利, 邬光剑, 张学磊, 燕妮, 杨松. 基于MODIS数据的青藏高原冰川反照率时空分布及变化研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 875-883.
[2]	李玲萍, 刘维成, 杨梅, 李岩瑛. 1971-2015年青藏高原东北边坡降水特征及主要影响因子分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 916-924.
[3]	常思静, 杨蕊琪, 章高森, 刘光琇, 陈拓. 青藏高原土壤中一株原油降解菌的作用机制探究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 1037-1046.
[4]	陈志恒, 张杰, 徐玮平. 青藏高原初春积雪的多尺度变化与北大西洋海温的关系[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(4): 655-665.
[5]	王陆阳, 吴青柏, 蒋观利. 风沙堆积对下伏多年冻土影响的数值模拟[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(4): 738-747.
[6]	刘鑫, 王一博, 吕明侠, 孙岩, 杨文静, 赵金鹏. 基于主成分分析的青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地土壤质量评价[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 469-479.
[7]	吴小波, 南卓铜, 王维真, 赵林. 基于Noah陆面过程模型模拟青藏高原植被和土壤特征对多年冻土的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(2): 279-287.
[8]	宋炫颖, 刘勇勤. 高寒地区湖泊浮游病毒时空分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(2): 395-403.
[9]	蒋观利, 吴青柏, 张中琼. 青藏高原不同高寒生态系统类型下多年冻土活动层水热过程差异研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(1): 7-17.
[10]	张宝贵, 刘晓娇, 刘敏, 张威, 章高森, 伍修琨, 陈拓, 刘光琇. 青藏高原疏勒河上游不同类型冻土可培养细菌多样性特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(1): 156-165.
[11]	刘亚军, 张玉兰, 康世昌, 李小飞, 陈鹏飞, 郭军明. 青藏高原东南部冰川雪冰重金属元素特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(6): 1200-1211.
[12]	朱美壮, 王根绪, 肖瑶, 胡兆永, 宋春林, 黄克威. 青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸土壤水分入渗变化研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(6): 1316-1325.
[13]	张志刚, 王建, 何元庆, 何则, 齐翠姗, 李盼盼. MIS 3时期青藏高原东南部稻城古冰帽冰进事件研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 957-966.
[14]	张艳阁, 徐建中, 余光明. 祁连山老虎沟地区夏季大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 1022-1028.
[15]	杨森, 张明军, 王圣杰, 王杰, 陈荣, 马荣, 潘素敏. 基于高分辨率格点数据的2008-2013年青藏高原面雨量特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 1113-1121.