定量评估我国西北干旱区土地利用变化对植被指数的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0067

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球变化的背景下，定量区分人类活动和气候波动对干旱区植被的影响具有重要意义。采用多种统计学方法，分析了我国西北干旱区1990-2010年土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）和1982-2010年归一化植被指数（NDVI）的时空变化特征，并定量评估了LUCC对NDVI变化的影响。结果表明：1990-2010年，西北干旱区耕地增加量最多，高达13 476 km²，其次是林地和水域，各地类增加的面积主要来自草地（12 590 km²）和未利用地（6 025 km²）。各土地类型变化速度快慢依次为：耕地 > 建设用地 > 水域 > 林地 > 草地 > 未利用地。2000-2010年，研究区土地利用程度综合指数（0.79）明显高于1990-2000年（0.23），表明近年来人类活动对土地利用变化的影响程度显著增强。1982-2010年，西北干旱区NDVI呈增加态势，但近年来（2002-2010年）NDVI略有下降。其中，1990-2000年，LUCC对西北干旱区NDVI总变化的贡献率较低，仅为2.9%；而1990-2010，LUCC的贡献率为26.7%，表明气候变化对植被指数变化的贡献率高达73.3%。

关键词: 土地利用变化, 植被指数, 生态效应, 西北干旱区

Abstract: Under the background of global change, distinguishing the impact of human activities and climate fluctuation quantitatively is of great significance to vegetation growth in the arid regions. In this paper, using a variety of statistical methods, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the land use/cover change (LUCC) from 1990 through 2010 and the normalized difference index (NDVI) from 1982 through 2010 in the arid regions of Northwest China are analyzed, and the LUCC effects on NDCC change are quantitatively evaluated. The results are as follows:(1) One of the fastest growth was arable land, up to 13 476 km², followed by forest lands and waters; the area increased mainly from grassplot (12 590 km²) and unused land (6 025 km²) from 1990 to 2000. (2) The rate of change of various land types were as follows:arable land > construction land > waters > woodland > grassplot > unused land. (3) The land-using degree index (0.79) in the study area from 2000 to 2010 was significantly higher than it from 1990 to 2000 (0.23), showing that the influence of human activities on land use has markedly enhanced in recent years. (4) The NDVI had increased from 1982 to 2010, but in recent years (2002-2010) it had decreased slightly. Specifically, the contribution of LUCC on NDVI had been relatively low from 1990 to 2000, only 2.9%; even so, the contribution from 1990 to 2010 had been 26.7%, showing the contribution of climate change on vegetation index change up to 73.3%.

Key words: land use change, vegetation index, ecological effects, the arid regions in Northwest China

中图分类号:

Q948.1

姜雨青, 李宝富, 宋美帅, 焦建飞, 刘纹青. 定量评估我国西北干旱区土地利用变化对植被指数的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 616-624.

JIANG Yuqing, LI Baofu, SONG Meishuai, JIAO Jianfei, LIU Wenqing. Quantitative assessment of land use change impacting the vegetation index in the arid regions of Northwest China[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2018, 40(3): 616-624.

参考文献

[1] Wu Linna, Yang Shengtian, Liu Xiaoyan, et al. Response analysis of land use change to the degree of human activities in Beiluo River basin since 1976[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(1):54-63.[吴琳娜, 杨胜天, 刘晓燕, 等. 1976年以来北洛河流域土地利用变化对人类活动程度的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1):54-63.]
[2] Liu Jiyuan, Kuang Wenhui, Zhang Zengxiang, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns, and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(1):3-14.[刘纪远, 匡文慧, 张增祥, 等. 20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1):3-14.]
[3] Ma Yuan, Shi Qingdong, Pan Xiaoling. Analysis on the dynamic trends of landscape pattern in the arid regions in west China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2004, 27(4):516-519.[马媛, 师庆东, 潘晓玲. 西部干旱区生态景观格局动态分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2004, 27(4):516-519.]
[4] Chen Yaning, Li Zhi, Fan Yuting, et al. Research progress on the impact of climate change on water resources in the arid region of Northwest China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(9):1295-1304.[陈亚宁, 李稚, 范煜婷, 等, 西北干旱区气候变化对水文水资源影响研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(9):1295-1304.]
[5] Zhu Huiyi, Li Yi. An empirical analysis of the causes of farmland expansion in Northwest China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(5):615-620.[朱会义, 李义. 西北干旱区耕地扩张原因的实证分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(5):615-620.]
[6] Wang Ying, Zhang Lei, Wang Jingsong. Response of the hydrological process to land-use/cover change in Taohe River basin[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(1):200-210.[王莺, 张雷, 王劲松.洮河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文过程响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(1):200-210.]
[7] Jiao Wei, Chen Yaning, Li Zhi, et al. Inversion of net primary productivity in the arid region of northwest China based on various regressions[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(3):545-556.[焦伟, 陈亚宁, 李稚, 等. 基于多种回归分析方法的西北干旱区植被NPP遥感反演研究[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(3):545-556.]
[8] Yuan Zhihui, Chi Yongfeng, Lei Jun, et al. Variation of vegetation net primary productivity in Hunshandak Sandyland during 2000-2013[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2017, 39(1):185-199.[元志辉, 池勇峰, 雷军, 等. 2000-2013年浑善达克沙地植被净初级生产力变化研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(1):185-199.]
[9] Li Yang, Li Chengzhi, Li Zhihui, et al. Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in vegetation cover in Xinjiang from 1982 to 2013 based on GIMMS-NDVI[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(19):6198-6208.[刘洋, 李诚志, 刘志辉, 等. 1982-2013年基于GIMMS-NDVI的新疆植被覆盖时空变化[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(19):6198-6208.]
[10] Du Jiaqing, Jia'erheng Ahati, Zhao Chenxi. et al. Dynamic changes in vegetation NDVI from 1982 to 2012 and its responses to climate change and human activities in Xinjiang, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(12):3567-3578.[杜加强, 贾尔恒·阿哈提, 赵晨曦, 等. 1982-2012年新疆植被NDVI的动态变化及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(12):3567-3578.]
[11] Yang Yitian, Zheng Du, Zhang Xueqin, et al. The spatial coupling of land use changes and its environmental effects on Hotan Oasis during 1980-2010[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(6):813-824.[杨依天, 郑度, 张雪芹, 等. 1980-2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(6):813-824.]
[12] Zhang Qi, Luo Geping, Li Longhui, et al. Modern oasis evolution analysis based on land-use and land-cover change:a case study in Sangong River basin on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(7):1157-1171.[张琪, 罗格平, 李龙辉, 等. 基于土地利用/覆被变化表征的现代绿洲演变过程——以天山北坡三工河流域为例[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(7):1157-1171.]
[13] Ma Qing, Li Ding, Liao Jie, et al. Analysis of land use change and its driving forces in the oasis of Shule River middle and lower reaches[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(1):148-155.[马晴, 李丁, 廖杰, 等. 疏勒河中下游绿洲土地利用变化及其驱动力分析[J]. 经济地理, 2014, 34(1):148-155.]
[14] Nian Yanyun, Wang Xiaoli, Chen Lu. Land use pattern change in Ejin Delta of Northwest China during 1930-2010[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(3):777-785.[年雁云, 王晓利, 陈璐. 1930-2010年额济纳三角洲土地利用景观格局变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(3):777-785.]
[15] Lu Xiangjun, Zhou Yimin, Hou Xiuling, et al. Vegetation change based on land use/cover in arid oasis:a case study of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(2):246-256.[卢响军, 周益民, 侯秀玲, 等. 基于土地利用/覆盖的干旱绿洲区植被覆盖度变化——以新疆生产建设兵团第八师为例[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(2):246-256.]
[16] Li Qihu, Chen Yaning. Response of spatial and temporal distribution of NDVI to hydrothermal condition variation in arid regions of Northwest China during 1981-2006[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(2):327-334.[李奇虎, 陈亚宁. 1981-2006年西北干旱区NDVI时空分布变化对水热条件的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(2):327-334.]
[17] Wang Wei, Feng Qisheng, Guo Ni, et al. Dynamic monitoring of vegetation coverage based on long time-series NDVI data sets in northwest arid region of China[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(12):1969-1979.[王玮, 冯琦胜, 郭铌, 等. 基于长时间序列NDVI资料的我国西北干旱区植被覆盖动态监测[J]. 草业科学, 2015, 32(12):1969-1979.]
[18] Quan Bin. The introduction to land use and land cover change[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press, 2010.[全斌. 土地利用覆盖变化导论[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2010.]
[19] Wang Xiulan, Bao Yuhai. Study on the methods of land use dynamic change research[J]. Progress in Geography, 1999, 18(1):81-87.[王秀兰, 包玉海. 土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J]. 地理科学进展, 1999, 18(1):83-89.]
[20] Song Kaishan, Liu Dianwei, Wang Zongmig, et al. Land use change in Sanjiang Plain and its driving forces analysis since 1954[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 63(1):93-104.[宋开山, 刘殿伟, 王宗明, 等. 1954年以来三江平原土地利用变化及驱动力[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(1):93-104.]
[21] Feng Yongjiu, Han Zhen. Remote sensing based spatio-temporal evolution of land use pattern in Huangpu River coast[J]. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2010(2):91-96.[冯永玖, 韩震. 基于遥感的黄浦江沿岸土地利用时空演化特征分析[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2010(2):91-96.]
[22] Liu Jiyuan, Buhe'aosi'er. Study on spatial-temporal feature of modern land use change in China:using remote sensing techniques[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2000, 20(3):229-239.[刘纪元, 布和敖斯尔. 中国土地利用变化现代过程时空特征的研究:基于卫星遥感数据[J]. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20(3):229-239.]
[23] Liu Jiyuan. The macro investigation and dynamic research of the resource and environment[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press, 1996.[刘纪远. 中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1996.]
[24] Li Qihu. Climate change spatiotemporal features and impaction hydrological process in northwest arid area of China[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2012.[西北干旱区气候变化及其对水文过程的影响[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2012.]
[25] Li Zuowei, Wu Rongjun, Ma Yuping. Impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation productivity in the Three-River Headwaters[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(3):804-810.[李作伟, 吴荣军, 马玉平. 气候变化和人类活动对三江源地区植被生产力的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(3):804-810.]
[26] Zhang Yichi, Yu Jingjie, Qiao Maoyun, et al. Effects of eco-water transfer on changes of vegetation in the lower Heihe River basin[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2014, 42(7):757-765.[张一驰, 于静洁, 乔茂云, 等. 黑河流域生态输水对下游植被变化影响研究[J]. 水利学报, 2011, 42(7):757-765.]
[27] Huang Yue, Bao Anming, Wang Shifei, et al. Eco-environmental change in the lower Tarim River under the influence of intermittent water transport[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(9):1251-1262.[黄粤, 包安明, 王士飞, 等. 间歇性输水影响下的2001-2011年塔里木河下游生态环境变化[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(9):1251-1262.]
[28] Li Liang. Effects of soil-groundwater systems on natural vegetation growth:a case study at Dunhuang basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2013.[李亮. 土壤-地下水系统对天然植被生长的影响研究:以敦煌盆地为例[D]. 北京:中国地质大学, 2013.]
[29] Zhao Ping. Advances in plant ecophysiological studies on re-vegetation of degraded ecosystems[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, 14(11):2031-2036.[赵平. 退化生态系统植被恢复的生理生态学研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(11):2031-2036.]