长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0076

冰川冻土 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 702-714.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0076

长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征

高雅芳¹, 王雷², 杜海波¹, 吴正方¹, 杨岳¹, 郭湘宇^1,3,4, 李思其¹

1. 东北师范大学地理科学学院, 吉林长春 130024;
2. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 吉林长春 130102;
3. 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710061;
4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-01-30 修回日期:2018-06-11 出版日期:2018-08-25 发布日期:2018-10-08
通讯作者: 吴正方,E-mail:wuzf@nenu.edu.cn. E-mail:wuzf@nenu.edu.cn
作者简介:高雅芳(1993-),女,山西晋城人,2016年在山西师范大学获学士学位,现为东北师范大学在读硕士研究生,从事生态气候研究.E-mail:gaoyf665@nenu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41471085；41801081）；吉林省科技厅应用基础研究项目（20170101013JC）；科技部国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFA0602301）资助

Altitude-dependent soil temperature and fertility in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains

GAO Yafang¹, WANG Lei², DU Haibo¹, WU Zhengfang¹, YANG Yue¹, GUO Xiangyu^1,3,4, LI Siqi¹

1. School of Geographical Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
2. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China;
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-01-30 Revised:2018-06-11 Online:2018-08-25 Published:2018-10-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤温度与土壤肥力的分解释放、植被生长密切相关。利用2015年8月至2017年6月长白山西坡苔原带5 cm土壤温度并测试其土壤肥力，分析了土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征及土壤温度对苔原带肥力的影响。结果表明：（1）长白山西坡苔原带土壤最热月为8月，最冷月为1、2月。长白山西坡苔原带土壤年均温随海拔的升高而下降，垂直变化率为-0.44℃·（100m）^-1。月均温垂直变化率则有所差别，5-9月垂直变化率为正，其余月份垂直变化率为负。（2）海拔是土壤温度空间分异的主要影响因素，冷季土壤温度随海拔升高而显著降低。随着海拔升高，越稀疏的植被和越薄的土层使得土壤热容量越小，暖季土壤温度随海拔升高而显著升高。（3）长白山西坡苔原带土壤肥力，尤其是与植物生长关系密切的速效养分随海拔升高表现出先升高再降低，在植物多样性和丰富度及草本植物盖度最高的2 250 m处达到土壤肥力最高水平。低海拔（2 050~2 250 m）的土壤肥力水平明显高于高海拔（2 350~2 550 m）的土壤肥力水平。西坡苔原带土壤肥力的空间分异状况受草本植物入侵影响较大。（4）长白山西坡苔原带土壤肥力水平随土壤温度升高而升高，温度是土壤有机质分解和矿物质养分转化的限制性因素。建议山地苔原带生态系统生产和生态管理中要重点考虑草本植被入侵给土壤肥力带来的影响。

关键词: 长白山, 苔原, 土壤温度, 土壤肥力, 时空变化

Abstract: Soil fertility releasing and vegetation growth are dependent to soil temperature. Statistical analysis has been used to analyze the altitude-dependent change in soil temperature and soil fertility, and to discuss the effect of soil temperature on soil fertility in the alpine tundra on the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. The results showed that:(1) August is the warmest month, January or February is the coldest month in the alpine tundra. Annual mean soil temperature decreases with altitude, with a vertical lapse rate of -0.44℃·(100m)^-1. However, the vertical lapse rate of soil temperature is different from month to month. The vertical lapse rate of mean soil temperature is positive during May to September, but is negative during the other months. (2) Altitude is the main factor controlling the spatial change in soil temperature. In cold season, soil temperature remarkably decreases with rising altitude, whereas the soil temperature increases slowly with rising altitude in warm season, because of soil heat capacity becoming lower due to less vegetation and thinner soil layer along altitude increasing. (3) The soil fertility first increases then decreases with altitude. At 2 250 m, plant species richness and diversity and the relative coverage of herbaceous plant reach the highest level, where the soil fertility reach, therefore, the richest level. The effect of herbaceous plant invasion on soil fertility is important and significant. (4) The soil fertility increases with the increase of soil temperature. Temperature is the restrictive factor of soil fertility releasing and converting in the alpine tundra on the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. The effect of herbaceous plant invasion on soil fertility should be taken into account seriously for ecological management and control.

Key words: Changbai Mountains, tundra, soil temperature, soil fertility, temporal and spatial variations

中图分类号:

S152.8

高雅芳, 王雷, 杜海波, 吴正方, 杨岳, 郭湘宇, 李思其. 长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(4): 702-714.

GAO Yafang, WANG Lei, DU Haibo, WU Zhengfang, YANG Yue, GUO Xiangyu, LI Siqi. Altitude-dependent soil temperature and fertility in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2018, 40(4): 702-714.

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长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征

Altitude-dependent soil temperature and fertility in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains

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