1965-2015年新疆夏季不同等级降水的空间分布特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0133

冰川冻土 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1231-1241.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0133

1965-2015年新疆夏季不同等级降水的空间分布特征

杜雅菡¹, 周顺武¹, 亨巴提^1,2, 李耀辉³, 王铁⁴, 宋瑶¹

1. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室, 江苏南京 210044;
2. 新疆博州气象局, 新疆博乐 833400;
3. 兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃兰州 730020;
4. 新疆气象局气候中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830002

收稿日期:2017-10-23 修回日期:2018-08-02 出版日期:2018-12-25 发布日期:2019-01-21
通讯作者: 周顺武,E-mail:zhou@nuist.edu.cn E-mail:zhou@nuist.edu.cn
作者简介:杜雅菡(1992-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,2015年在南京信息工程大学获学士学位,现为南京信息工程大学在读硕士研究生,从事气候动力学研究.E-mail:924824955@qq.com
基金资助:
宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室开放研究基金；国家自然科学基金项目（41175081）资助

Spatial distribution of summer graded precipitation in Xinjiang during 1965-2015

DU Yahan¹, ZHOU Shunwu¹, Hengbati^1,2, LI Yaohui³, WANG Tie⁴, SONG Yao¹

1. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education(KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. Meteorological Bureau of Bortala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture, Bole 833400, Xinjiang, China;
3. Lanzhou Research Institute of Drought, Lanzhou 730020, China;
4. Climate Center of Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau, Ürümqi 830002, China

Received:2017-10-23 Revised:2018-08-02 Online:2018-12-25 Published:2019-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据新疆51个台站1965-2015年夏季逐日降水资料，将降水划分为小雨、中雨及大雨3个等级，分析了新疆近51 a夏季不同等级降水量、降水日数及降水强度的空间分布特征，并讨论了各等级降水日、降水量及降水强度与总降水量的空间相似程度以及各等级降水对夏季总降水的贡献。结果表明：新疆降水主要集中在夏季，并以小雨为主。以天山山脉为界，南北两疆降水空间分布存在明显差异，北疆夏季降水量（日）占年降水量（日）的36%~45%（36%~39%），南疆夏季降水量（日）占年降水量（日）的51%~63%（48%~60%）；新疆夏季不同等级降水量、降水日及降水强度的空间分布不均匀。新疆夏季总降水量与各等级降水量的空间相似系数最为密切，与各等级降水强度的空间相似系数相对较小；新疆夏季小雨贡献率最大，中雨其次，大雨最小，夏季降水量和降水日的变化主要受小雨的影响。

关键词: 新疆, 夏季, 降水量, 降水日, 降水强度, 空间分布

Abstract: According to the daily precipitation data collected from 51 stations in Xinjiang during the recent 51 years (1965-2015), the precipitation intensity can be classified into three levels:light rain; moderate rain and heavy rain. The spatial patterns of the three-level precipitation amounts, precipitation days, and precipitation intensity during summers of the 51 years in the area were analyzed, we discuss their spatial pattern differences of total precipitation through spatial correlation coefficient calculation and the contribution of precipitation at different levels to summer total precipitation. Results show as follows:(1) The precipitation occurred most frequently in summer, and the light rain was the major of this area. Taking Tianshan Mountains as the boundary, there was significant differences in the spatial distribution of precipitation in the north and south Xinjiang, the summer precipitation amounts (precipitation days) in North Xinjiang accounted for 36%~45% (36%~39%) of annual precipitation amounts(precipitation days), and in South Xinjiang accounted for 51%~63% (48%~60%) of annual precipitation amounts (precipitation days); (2) The spatial distribution of amount, days and intensity for different grades of precipitation in Xinjiang were uneven. The spatial correlation coefficient of summer total precipitation and the precipitation amounts of each grades was most closely, with the precipitation intensity of each grades were relatively poor; (3) The contribution rate of Xinjiang summer precipitation mainly was light rain, the moderate rain took the second place, and the heavy rain ranked the third. The change of precipitation amounts and precipitation days in summer was mainly affected by light rain.

Key words: Xinjiang, summer, precipitation amounts, precipitation days, precipitation intensity, spatial distribution

中图分类号:

P426.6

杜雅菡, 周顺武, 亨巴提, 李耀辉, 王铁, 宋瑶. 1965-2015年新疆夏季不同等级降水的空间分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(6): 1231-1241.

DU Yahan, ZHOU Shunwu, Hengbati, LI Yaohui, WANG Tie, SONG Yao. Spatial distribution of summer graded precipitation in Xinjiang during 1965-2015[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2018, 40(6): 1231-1241.

参考文献

[1] Guo Hui, Huang Tao, Deng Maozhi, et al. Heavy precipitation and flood disaster in Tianshui Prefecture of Gansu Province during the last 45 years[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(5):808-812.[郭慧, 黄涛, 邓茂芝, 等. 甘肃天水地区45 a来强降水与洪涝灾害特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(5):808-812.]
[2] Yang Zhigang, Zhuoma, Lu Hongya, et al. Characteristics of precipitation variation and its effects on runoff in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin during 1961-2010[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(1):166-172.[杨志刚, 卓玛, 路红亚, 等. 1961-2010年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域降水量变化特征及其对径流的影响分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1):166-172.]
[3] Li Lingping, Li Yanying, Qian Li, et al. The changing tendency of extreme precipitation in the east of Hexi Corridor in 19612005[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32(3):43-51.[李玲萍, 李岩瑛, 钱莉, 等. 1961-2005年河西走廊东部极端降水事件变化研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(3):43-51.]
[4] Wang Fen, Cao Jie, Li Fuguang, et al. Climate characters of rain days and the relationship between rain days and total amount of precipitation in Guizhou[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2015, 34(1):145-154.[王芬, 曹杰, 李腹广, 等. 贵州不同等级降水日数气候特征及其与降水量的关系[J]. 高原气象, 2015, 34(1):145-154.]
[5] Karl T R, Knight R W. Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in the United States[J]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1998, 79(2):231-241.
[6] Zhang Libo, Jing Yuanshu, Lou Weiping, et al. Variability of rainy days and rainfall in East China in recent 50 years[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, 36(4):426433.[张立波, 景元书, 娄伟平, 等. 近50 a华东地区雨日及降水量的变化特征[J]. 大气科学学报, 2013, 36(4):426433.]
[7] Gutowski W J, Takle E S, Kozak K A, et al. A possible constraint on regional precipitation intensity changes under global warming[J]. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2007, 8(6):1382-1396.
[8] Bai Jingyi, Guan Zhaoyong. Climatic characteristics of graded summer precipitation over East China[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Science, 2014, 34(4):365-372.[白静漪, 管兆勇. 华东地区夏季不同等级降水变化特征分析[J]. 气象科学, 2014, 34(4):365-372.]
[9] Sun Fenghua, Yang Suying, Ren Guoyu. Decade variations of precipitation event frequency, intensity and duration in the Northeast China[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Science, 2007, 18(5):611-618.[孙凤华, 杨素英, 任国玉. 东北地区降水日数、强度和持续时间的年代际变化[J]. 应用气象学报, 2007, 18(5):611-618.]
[10] Wu Haomin, Huang Anning, Jiang Yanmin. Temporal and spatial distribution of different grades of precipitation days in East China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2013, 18(3):387-396.[吴昊旻, 黄安宁, 姜燕敏. 华东地区不同等级降水日数的时空分布特征[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2013, 18(3):387-396.]
[11] Zhou Shunwu, Song Yao, Li Yaohui, et al. Spatial distribution of summer graded precipitation and its difference in drought and flood years over the east of Northwest China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2016, 6(2):1162-1171.[周顺武, 宋瑶, 李耀辉, 等. 西北地区东部夏季不同等级降水的空间分布特征及其在旱涝年分布的差异[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 6(2):11621171.]
[12] Ai Hui, Zhang Yaocun, Lu Wei. Characteristics of the interannual variations of summer precipitation days with different class intervals over Eastern China[J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, 2009, 29(3):299-306.[艾卉, 张耀存, 卢伟. 我国东部地区夏季不同等级降水日数年际变化特征分析[J]. 气象科学, 2009, 29(3):299-306.]
[13] Liu Jinping, Han Juncai, Xiang Liang, et al. Temporal-spatial characteristics of precipitation days in different levels in BeijingTianjin-Hebei from 1961 to 2012[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2015, 31(1):43-50.[刘金平, 韩军彩, 向亮, 等. 1961-2012年京津冀地区不同等级降水日数时空演变特征[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2015, 31(1):43-50.]
[14] Zhang Xuewen, Zhang Jiabao. Xinjiang meteorological manual[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 2006.[张学文, 张家宝. 新疆气象手册[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 2006.]
[15] Xin Yu, Mao Weiyi, Li Yuanpeng, et al. Climate division of seasonal precipitation and their changing trend in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2009, 29(5):948-958.[辛渝, 毛炜峄, 李元鹏, 等. 新疆不同季节降水气候分区及变化趋势[J]. 中国沙漠, 2009, 29(5):948-958.]
[16] Chen Xi. Physical geography of arid land in China[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2010.[陈曦. 中国干旱区自然地理[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2010.]
[17] Li Li. Water vapor characteristics of summer precipitation in Xinjiang[J]. Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology, 1994, 17(3):16-20.[李立. 新疆夏季降水的水汽特征[J]. 新疆气象, 1994, 17(3):16-20.]
[18] Wu Yongping, Wang Chenghai, Shen Yongping. Spatial temporal distribution of water vapor transportation over Tarim Basin during 1948-2009[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32(6):1074-1083.[吴永萍, 王澄海, 沈永平. 1948-2009年塔里木盆地空中水汽输送时空分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(6):1074-1083.]
[19] Zhang Jiabao, Deng Zifeng. Outline of precipitation in Xinjiang[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 1987.[张家宝, 邓子风. 新疆降水概论[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 1987.]
[20] Li Ruqi, Tang Ye, Cai Ren, et al. Analysis on the features of summer precipitation regional in Xinjiang[J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2007, 1(5):15-17.[李如琦, 唐冶, 蔡仁, 等. 新疆夏季降水的区域特征分析[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2007, 1(5):15-17.]
[21] Liu Yunyun, He Jinmei, Wang Qianqian. Analysis of temporal spatial features and circulation characteristics of summer precipitation in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2006, 29(1):24-32.[刘芸芸, 何金梅, 王谦谦. 新疆地区夏季降水异常的时空特征及环流分析[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2006, 29(1):24-32.]
[22] Chen Chunyan, Wang Jianjie, Tang Ye, et al. Diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Science, 2007, 28(1):72-85.[陈春艳, 王建捷, 唐冶, 等. 新疆夏季降水日变化特征[J]. 应用气象学报, 2007, 28(1):72-85.]
[23] Wu Yongping, Wang Chenghai, Shen Yongping. Spatiotemporal evolution of precipitation over Tarim River basin during 19602009:characteristic and reasons[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(6):1268-1273.[吴永萍, 王澄海, 沈永平. 1960-2009年塔里木河流域降水时空变化特征及原因分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(6):1268-1273.]
[24] Zhang Linmei, Miao Yunling, Li Jianli, et al. Variations of summer extreme precipitation events in Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Region, from 1961 to 2010[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(5):1199-1208.[张林梅, 苗运玲, 李健丽, 等. 新疆阿勒泰地区近50 a夏季极端降水事件变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(5):1199-1208.]
[25] Liu Youcun, Jiao Keqin, Zhao Kui, et al. The response of precipitation to global climate change in the Tianshan Mountains, China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2017, 39(4):748-759.[刘友存, 焦克勤, 赵奎, 等. 中国天山地区降水对全球气候变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(4):748-759.]
[26] Yang Lianmei, Li Xia, Zhang Guangxing. Some advances and problems in the study of heavy rain in Xinjiang[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2011, 16(2):188-198.[杨莲梅, 李霞, 张广兴. 新疆夏季强降水研究若干进展及问题[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2011, 16(2):188-198.]
[27] Zhao Li, Yang Qing, Han Xueyun, et al. Spatial and temporal differences of extreme precipitation during 1961-2009 in Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2014, 34(2):550-557.[赵丽, 杨青, 韩雪云, 等. 1961-2009年新疆极端降水时间时空差异特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(2):550-557.]
[28] Yang Lianmei. Climate change of extreme precipitation in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(5):577-583.[杨莲梅. 新疆极端降水的气候变化[J]. 地理学报, 2003, 58(5):577-583.]
[29] Xie Pei, Gu Yanling, Zhang Yuhu, et al. Precipitation and drought characteristics in Xinjiang during 1961-2015[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2017, 40(2):332-339.[谢培, 顾艳玲, 张玉虎, 等. 1961-2015年新疆降水及干旱特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(2):332-339.]
[30] Huang Qiuxia, Zhao Yong, He Qing. The daily variation characteristics of summer precipitation over the Yili River Valley, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(2):369-375.[黄秋霞, 赵勇, 何青. 新疆伊犁河谷夏季降水日变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(2):369-375.]
[31] Xin Yu, Cui Caixia, Zhao Guangxing, et al. Spatial-temporal variation of precipitation for different grade and the events of extreme precipitation over Bole, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2008, 28(2):362-369.[辛渝, 崔彩霞, 张广兴, 等. 博州不同级别降水及极端降水事件的时空变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008, 28(2):362-369.]
[32] Zhang Xin, Liu Xingwang, Lu Ge, et al. Spatial-temporal change of the precipitation and wet days in Bole Region of Xinjiang[J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2008, 2(3):12-17.[张新, 刘兴旺, 卢戈, 等. 新疆博州地区降水量、降水日的时空变化[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2008, 2(3):12-17.]
[33] Guo Jun, Ren Guoyu, Li Mingcai. Variations of precipitation of different categories in the Bohai Rim area in recent 47 years[J]. Geographical Research, 2010, 29(12):2271-2280.[郭军, 任国玉, 李明财. 近47年环渤海地区不同级别降水事件变化[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(12):2271-2280.]
[34] Gu Junqiang, Shi Neng, Xue Genyuan. Climatic variation of rainfall and wet days in Zhejiang[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Science, 2002, 13(3):322-329.[顾骏强, 施能, 薛根元. 近40年浙江省降水量、雨日的气候变化[J]. 应用气象学报, 2002, 13(3):322-329.]
[35] Yan Huifang, Li Shezong, Huang Yueqing, et al. Tests for conventional similarity criterions and application of composite similar coefficient[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 2003, 31(4):211-215.[阎惠芳, 李社宗, 黄跃青, 等. 常用相似性判据的检验和综合相似系数的应用[J]. 气象科技, 2003, 31(4):211-215.]
[36] Xin Yu, Chen Hongwu, Zhang Guangxing, et al. Characteristics of temporal and spatial distributions of annual precipitation in Xinjiang[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2008, 27(5):993-1003.[辛渝, 陈洪武, 张广兴, 等. 新疆年降水量的时空变化特征[J]. 高原气象, 2008, 27(5):993-1003.]
[37] Jiang Fengqing, Zhang Yanwei, Hu Ruji, et al. Spatial pattern and evolution of annual precipitation irregularity in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2010, 33(6):853-860.[姜逢清, 张延伟, 胡汝骥, 等. 新疆年降水不规则性空间差异与长期演变[J]. 干旱区地理, 2010, 33(6):853-860.]
[38] Ma Xiaobo, Gao Youxi. Analysis on precipitation variation in the extreme arid regions in China since recent 40 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 1998, 21(4):74-78.[马晓波, 高由禧. 中国极端干旱地区40年来降水变化的分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 1998, 21(4):74-78.]

1965-2015年新疆夏季不同等级降水的空间分布特征

Spatial distribution of summer graded precipitation in Xinjiang during 1965-2015

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	冀钦, 杨建平, 陈虹举. 1961-2015年青藏高原降水量变化综合分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(6): 1090-1099.
[2]	李玲萍, 刘维成, 杨梅, 李岩瑛. 1971-2015年青藏高原东北边坡降水特征及主要影响因子分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 916-924.
[3]	江远安, 尹宜舟, 樊静, 刘精, 贾孜拉, 余行杰. 1961-2016年新疆单站不同等级冷空气过程气候特征及变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 448-460.
[4]	王淑红, 张钰, 王大超, 路贺, 杜丽芳. 1956-2016年渭河支流葫芦河流域径流及降水的年际变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(2): 370-377.
[5]	布帕提曼·艾拜都拉, 买买提阿布都拉·依米尔, 阿依夏木古丽·买买提, 玉苏甫·阿布拉. 1961-2015年新疆和田地区不同级别降水事件变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(6): 1326-1335.
[6]	高荣, 韦志刚, 钟海玲. 青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(4): 741-747.
[7]	章新平, 关华德, 张新主, 张婉君, 姚天次. 下垫面蒸发和云中凝结分馏对降水稳定同位素影响的数值试验——空间分布的比较[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(3): 455-468.
[8]	史莲梅, 李斌, 李圆圆, 孔令文, 刘卫平. 新疆冰雹灾害经济损失评估及风险区划研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(2): 299-307.
[9]	陈峰, 袁玉江, 魏文寿, 喻树龙, 尚华明, 张同文, 张瑞波, 王慧琴. 利用树轮密度重建新疆北部5-8月温度变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(1): 43-53.
[10]	杨成, 姚济敏, 赵林, 乔永平, 史健宗. 藏北高原多年冻土区地表反照率时空变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(6): 1518-1528.
[11]	蒋文轩, 假拉, 肖天贵, 罗布坚参, 周振波. 1971-2010年青藏高原冬季降雪气候变化及空间分布[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5): 1211-1218.
[12]	王士新, 左洪超, 王明星, 朱岩, 左斌. 夏季中国东部副高北缘雨带强度年际变化成因:副热带西风异常的动力强迫[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5): 1273-1280.
[13]	贾翔, 黄铁成, 梁艳, 陈孟禹, 陈蜀江, 闫志明. 新疆阿尔泰山圆叶桦空间分布对温度变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5): 1411-1416.
[14]	李晓英, 姚正毅, 肖建华, 王宏伟. 1961-2010年青藏高原降水时空变化特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5): 1233-1240.
[15]	毛炜峄, 陈鹏翔, 沈永平. 气候变暖背景下2015年夏季新疆极端高温过程及其影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(2): 291-304.