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冰川冻土 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1265-1274.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0136

• 寒旱区生物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原中东部三种草地类型土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用

未亚西1,2, 杨永胜1,3, 贺慧丹1,2, 祝景彬1,2, 李红琴1,3, 李英年1,3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院 西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810001;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 中国科学院 高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-02 修回日期:2018-11-01 出版日期:2018-12-25 发布日期:2019-01-21
  • 通讯作者: 李英年,E-mail:ynli@nwipb.cas.cn E-mail:ynli@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:未亚西(1992-),男,河北保定人,2015年在四川师范大学获学士学位,现为中国科学院西北高原生物研究所在读硕士研究生,从事草地生态与全球变化研究.E-mail:yaxiwei92@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技支撑计划项目(2015-SF-A4-1);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604801)资助

The characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and the roles of metallic elements in organic livestock production under three grassland types in middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

WEI Yaxi1,2, YANG Yongsheng1,3, HE Huidan1,2, ZHU Jingbin1,2, LI Hongqin1,3, LI Yingnian1,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
  • Received:2018-03-02 Revised:2018-11-01 Online:2018-12-25 Published:2019-01-21

摘要: 为明确高寒草地土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用,选取青藏高原中东部高山嵩草草甸、草甸化草原、温性草原三种草地类型为研究对象,分析土壤理化性质和重金属元素,并探讨其影响作用。结果表明:三种草地类型群落盖度由大到小依次是高山嵩草草甸(91%) > 草甸化草原(85%) > 温性草原(75%),草甸化草原的物种数最多达25种,分别是高山嵩草草甸和温性草原的1.47倍和1.92倍。温性草原0~10 cm土层容重分别是高山嵩草草甸和草甸化草原的1.89倍和1.40倍,10~20 cm土层容重分别是高山嵩草草甸和草甸化草原的1.42倍和1.29倍。高山嵩草草甸土壤有机质、全氮含量最高,有机质含量分别是草甸化草原、温性草原的1.20倍和2.65倍,全氮含量分别是草甸化草原、温性草原的1.18倍和2.47倍。温性草原土壤pH值最高达8.46,分别是草甸化草原和高山嵩草草甸的1.04倍和1.10倍。总体来看,重金属元素含量在高山嵩草草甸最高,温性草原最低,草甸化草原居中。三种草地类型土壤7种重金属元素含量都在一级以内,其生态危害指数未出现强污染状况,适合构建示范区发展有机畜牧业。

关键词: 青藏高原中东部, 草地类型, 土壤理化特征, 重金属元素

Abstract: Soil physicochemical properties and metallic elements were analyzed under three grassland types in the middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, aiming to provide basic data for "intelligent" and "high quality" animal by-products and "farm-animal coupling" model optimization. The results showed that (1) the coverage of vegetation was ordered as kobresia pygmaea meadow (91%) > meadow grassland (85%) > warm steppe (75%), and the maximum number of species occurred in meadow grassland, reaching 25 kinds, which was 1.89 and 1.40 times as much as k. pygmaea meadow and meadow grassland, respectively. (2) The soil bulk density of warm steppe was 1.89 and 1.40 times than k. pygmaea meadow and meadow grassland in 0~10 cm depth, and was 1.42 and 1.29 times than k. pygmaea meadow and meadow grassland in 10~20 cm depth, respectively. (3) The soil organic matter and total nitrogen were the highest in k. pygmaea meadow soil, for example, the content of organic matter was 1.20 and 2.65 times than meadow grassland and warm steppe, and the total nitrogen content was 1.18 and 2.47 times than meadow grassland and warm steppe, respectively. However, the soil pH value reaching the top point in warm steppe, with 8.46, was 1.04 and 1.10 times than meadow grassland and k. pygmaea meadow. (4) The peak of heavy metals content occurred in Kobresia meadow, next came meadow grassland and then the lowest point occurred in temperate grassland. In general, the contents of heavy metal elements analyzed in soils with three different grassland can be defined as the first-class safety standard, indicating those regions were suitable for developing organic livestock production.

Key words: the middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, grassland types, the characteristics of soil physicochemical properties, metallic elements

中图分类号: 

  • S812.2