青藏高原中东部三种草地类型土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0136

冰川冻土 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1265-1274.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0136

青藏高原中东部三种草地类型土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用

未亚西^1,2, 杨永胜^1,3, 贺慧丹^1,2, 祝景彬^1,2, 李红琴^1,3, 李英年^1,3

1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海西宁 810001;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 青海西宁 810001

收稿日期:2018-03-02 修回日期:2018-11-01 出版日期:2018-12-25 发布日期:2019-01-21
通讯作者: 李英年,E-mail:ynli@nwipb.cas.cn E-mail:ynli@nwipb.cas.cn
作者简介:未亚西(1992-),男,河北保定人,2015年在四川师范大学获学士学位,现为中国科学院西北高原生物研究所在读硕士研究生,从事草地生态与全球变化研究.E-mail:yaxiwei92@163.com
基金资助:
青海省科技支撑计划项目（2015-SF-A4-1）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFA0604801）资助

The characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and the roles of metallic elements in organic livestock production under three grassland types in middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

WEI Yaxi^1,2, YANG Yongsheng^1,3, HE Huidan^1,2, ZHU Jingbin^1,2, LI Hongqin^1,3, LI Yingnian^1,3

1. Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China

Received:2018-03-02 Revised:2018-11-01 Online:2018-12-25 Published:2019-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确高寒草地土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用，选取青藏高原中东部高山嵩草草甸、草甸化草原、温性草原三种草地类型为研究对象，分析土壤理化性质和重金属元素，并探讨其影响作用。结果表明：三种草地类型群落盖度由大到小依次是高山嵩草草甸（91%） > 草甸化草原（85%） > 温性草原（75%），草甸化草原的物种数最多达25种，分别是高山嵩草草甸和温性草原的1.47倍和1.92倍。温性草原0~10 cm土层容重分别是高山嵩草草甸和草甸化草原的1.89倍和1.40倍，10~20 cm土层容重分别是高山嵩草草甸和草甸化草原的1.42倍和1.29倍。高山嵩草草甸土壤有机质、全氮含量最高，有机质含量分别是草甸化草原、温性草原的1.20倍和2.65倍，全氮含量分别是草甸化草原、温性草原的1.18倍和2.47倍。温性草原土壤pH值最高达8.46，分别是草甸化草原和高山嵩草草甸的1.04倍和1.10倍。总体来看，重金属元素含量在高山嵩草草甸最高，温性草原最低，草甸化草原居中。三种草地类型土壤7种重金属元素含量都在一级以内，其生态危害指数未出现强污染状况，适合构建示范区发展有机畜牧业。

关键词: 青藏高原中东部, 草地类型, 土壤理化特征, 重金属元素

Abstract: Soil physicochemical properties and metallic elements were analyzed under three grassland types in the middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, aiming to provide basic data for "intelligent" and "high quality" animal by-products and "farm-animal coupling" model optimization. The results showed that (1) the coverage of vegetation was ordered as kobresia pygmaea meadow (91%) > meadow grassland (85%) > warm steppe (75%), and the maximum number of species occurred in meadow grassland, reaching 25 kinds, which was 1.89 and 1.40 times as much as k. pygmaea meadow and meadow grassland, respectively. (2) The soil bulk density of warm steppe was 1.89 and 1.40 times than k. pygmaea meadow and meadow grassland in 0~10 cm depth, and was 1.42 and 1.29 times than k. pygmaea meadow and meadow grassland in 10~20 cm depth, respectively. (3) The soil organic matter and total nitrogen were the highest in k. pygmaea meadow soil, for example, the content of organic matter was 1.20 and 2.65 times than meadow grassland and warm steppe, and the total nitrogen content was 1.18 and 2.47 times than meadow grassland and warm steppe, respectively. However, the soil pH value reaching the top point in warm steppe, with 8.46, was 1.04 and 1.10 times than meadow grassland and k. pygmaea meadow. (4) The peak of heavy metals content occurred in Kobresia meadow, next came meadow grassland and then the lowest point occurred in temperate grassland. In general, the contents of heavy metal elements analyzed in soils with three different grassland can be defined as the first-class safety standard, indicating those regions were suitable for developing organic livestock production.

Key words: the middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, grassland types, the characteristics of soil physicochemical properties, metallic elements

中图分类号:

S812.2

未亚西, 杨永胜, 贺慧丹, 祝景彬, 李红琴, 李英年. 青藏高原中东部三种草地类型土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(6): 1265-1274.

WEI Yaxi, YANG Yongsheng, HE Huidan, ZHU Jingbin, LI Hongqin, LI Yingnian. The characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and the roles of metallic elements in organic livestock production under three grassland types in middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2018, 40(6): 1265-1274.

参考文献

[1] Diazs, Lavorels, Bello. Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessment[J]. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, 2007, 104(52):84-89.
[2] Zhao Xinquan, Zhou Qingping, Ma Yushou, et al. Innovation and application of grass ecological restoration and sustainable management technology in riverhead area[J]. Qinghai Science and Technology, 2017, 24(1):13-19.[赵新全, 周青平, 马玉寿, 等. 三江源区草地生态恢复及可持续管理技术创新和应用[J]. 青海科技, 2017, 24(1):13-19.]
[3] Fraser S W, van Rooyen T H, Verster E. Soil-plant relationships in the central Kruger National Park[J]. Koedoe, 1987, 30(1):19-34.
[4] Li Yikang, Zhang Fawei, Lin Li, et al. Differentiation characteristics of soil nutrients in temperate steppe under different vegeta-tion types[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2013, 32(7):1710-1716.[李以康, 张法伟, 林丽, 等. 不同植被被覆下温性草原土壤养分分异特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(7):1710-1716.]
[5] Li Zuowei, Wu Rongjun, Ma Yuping. Impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation productivity in the Three-River Headwaters[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(3):804-810.[李作伟, 吴荣军, 马玉平. 气候变化和人类活动对三江源地区植被生产力的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(3):804-810.]
[6] Mao Shaojuan, Wu Qihua, Li Hongqin, et al. Effects of grazing intensity on species diversity and biomass in alpine-cold forb meadow on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(5):1372-1380.[毛绍娟,吴启华,李红琴, 等. 放牧强度对高寒杂草类草甸群落结构及生物量的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(5):1372-1380.]
[7] Kang Wenlong, Tai xisheng, Li Shiweng, et al. Research on the number of nitrogen-fixing microorganism and community structure of nitrogenfixing (nifH) genes in the alkali soils of alpine in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(1):208-216.[康文龙, 台喜生, 李师翁, 等. 祁连山高寒草原碱性土壤微生物数量及固氮基因(nifH)群落结构研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(1):208-216.]
[8] Cheng J, Wu G L, Zhao L P, et al. Cumulative effects of 20-year exclusion of livestock grazing on above-and belowground biomass of typical steppe communities in arid areas of the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Plant, Soil and Environment, 2011, 57(1):40-44.
[9] Li Tiancai. Mineral elements of grassland[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2014.[李天才. 草地矿物元素[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2014.]
[10] Yu Yang, Gao Hongchao, Ma Junhua. Analysis and evaluation of heavy metals along the Chaohe River in Miyun County[J]. Environmental Science, 2013, 34(9):3572-3577.[于洋, 高宏超, 马俊花, 等. 密云县境内潮河流域土壤重金属分析评价[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(9):3572-3577.]
[11] Li Yimeng, Ma Jianhua, Liu Dexin, et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of urban soils in Kaifeng City, China[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(3):1037-1044.[李一蒙, 马建华, 刘德新, 等. 开封市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(3):1037-1044.]
[12] Li Yingnian. The study of climatology alpine meadow[M]. Xining:Qanghai People's Publishing House, 2017.[李英年. 高寒草甸植被气候学研究[M]. 西宁:青海人民出版社, 2017.]
[13] Zhou Xingmin. Vegetation in Qinghai[M]. Xining:Qanghai People's Publishing House, 1987.[周兴民. 青海植被[M]. 西宁:青海人民出版社, 1987.]
[14] Xin Yuchun. The distribution characteristics of temperate grassland in Qinghai Provincial[J]. Qinghai Prataculture, 2014, 23(1):35-41.[辛玉春. 青海省温性草原类草地的分布特征[J]. 青海草业, 2014, 23(1):35-41.]
[15] Zhou Xingmin, Wu Xiuzhen. Vegetation and plant retrieval table of Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Positioning Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences[M]. Xining:Qanghai People's Publishing House, 2006.[周兴民, 吴珍兰. 中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站植被与植物检索表[M]. 西宁:青海人民出版社, 2006.]
[16] Wei Qiang, Wang Fang, Chen Wenye, et al. Soil physical characteristics on different degraded alpine grasslands in Maqu County in Upper Yellow River[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 30(5):16-21.[魏强, 王芳, 陈文业, 等. 黄河上游玛曲不同退化程度高寒草地土壤物理特性研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2010, 30(5):16-21.]
[17] Wang Genxu, Cheng Guodong, Shen Yongping, et al. Impacts of land cover change soil on characteristics in Sub-alpine meadow[J]. Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2002, 47(23):1771-1777.[王根绪, 程国栋, 沈永平, 等. 土地覆盖变化对高山草甸土壤特性的影响[J]. 科学通报, 2002, 47(23):1771-1777.]
[18] Paul B H, Ingrid C B, William K L. Heterogeneity of soil and plant N and C associated with individual plants and openings in North American shortgrass steppe[J]. Plant and Soil, 1991, 138:247-256.
[19] Lavado R S, Sierra J O, Hashimoto P N. Impact of grazing on soil nutrients in a Pampean grassland[J]. Journal of Range Management, 1996:452-457.
[20] Xie Xianli, Sun Bo, Zhou Huizhen, et al. Soil carbon stocks and their influencing factors under native vegetations in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004, 41(5):687-699.[谢宪丽, 孙波, 周慧珍, 等. 不同植被下中国土壤有机碳的储量与影响因子[J]. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(5):687-699.]
[21] Hu Zhongliang, Pan Genxing, Li Lianqing, et al. Changes in pools and heterogeneity of soil organic carbon nitrogen and phosphorus under different vegetation types in Karstm ountainous area of central Guizhou Province China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(8):4187-4193.[胡忠良, 潘根兴, 李恋卿, 等. 贵州喀斯特山区不同植被下土壤C、N、P含量和空间异质性[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(8):4187-4193.]
[22] Wang Changting, Long Ruijun, Wang Qiji, et al. Distribution of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus along an altitude gradient and productivity change and their relationships with environmental factors in the alpine meadow[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(4):15-20.[王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王启基, 等. 高寒草甸不同海拔梯度土壤有机质氮磷的分布和生产力变化及其环境因子的关系[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 14(4):15-20.]
[23] Long Xunjian, Qian Ju, Zhang Chunmin, et al. Study of the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients of typical landscape in alpine meadow regions[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2008, 30(1):139-146.[龙训建, 钱鞠, 张春敏, 等. 高寒草甸区典型景观单元土壤养分空间变异性研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2008, 30(1):139-146.]
[24] De Kejia. Effect of fertilization on primary productivity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow in Three River Source Region[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University, 2014.[德科加. 施肥对三江源区高寒草甸初级生产力和土壤养分的影响[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学, 2014.]
[25] Ma Yuan, Shi Qingdong, Yang Jianjun, et al. Spatial variability of characters of soil trace elements in a watershed of arid area[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2006, 29(5):682-687.[马媛, 师庆东, 杨建军, 等. 干旱区典型流域土壤微量元素的空间变异特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2006, 29(5):682-687.]
[26] Mu Xiaohui, Li Shiqing, Dang Ruijuan. Study of soil Cd fractionation and its bioavailability on the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 36(4):135-142.[穆晓慧, 李世清, 党蕊娟. 黄土高原不同土壤中Cd形态分级及其生物有效性研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 36(4):135-142.]
[27] Zhang Xiaoping, Zhang Yuxia, Wang Jing. Content and distribution of copper in soils of Tibet[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, 12(6):958-960.[张晓平, 张玉霞, 王晶. 西藏土壤中铜含量及分布[J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(6):958-960.]
[28] Zhang Xiaoping, Zhu Yanming. Levers of mercury in soil and their geographical distribution in Tibet[J]. Environmental Science, 1993, 15(4):27-30.[张晓平, 朱延明. 西藏土壤中汞的含量及其地理分布[J]. 环境科学, 1993, 15(4):27-30.]
[29] Huang Changyong, Xu Jianming. Soil science[M]. 3nd ed. Beijing:China Agriculture Publishing House, 1983.[黄昌勇, 徐明建. 土壤学[M]. 3版. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1983.]
[30] Guo Xiaomin, Zhao Jingfeng. Research advance of distribution and influential factors of soil metal elements in alpine meadow[J]. Prataculture & Animal Husbandry, 2010, 9:1-5.[郭晓敏, 赵景峰. 我国高寒草甸土壤金属元素分布及其影响因子研究进展[J]. 草业与畜牧, 2010, 9:1-5.]

青藏高原中东部三种草地类型土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用

The characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and the roles of metallic elements in organic livestock production under three grassland types in middle and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 2

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	刘亚军, 张玉兰, 康世昌, 李小飞, 陈鹏飞, 郭军明. 青藏高原东南部冰川雪冰重金属元素特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(6): 1200-1211.
[2]	颜亮东, 李林, 刘义花. 青海牧区干旱、雪灾灾害损失综合评估技术研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(3): 662-680.