青藏高原玛曲冬季牧场土壤有机碳空间分布格局研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0301

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取60个样点，采用分层（0~15 cm，15~30 cm）采样方法，对青藏高原玛曲草地冬季牧场土壤有机碳的空间分布特征进行了系统地研究。结果显示：在水平分布上，玛曲北部（包括西北部）和东南部的有机碳较高（其含量分别为58.78 g·kg^-1和45.78 g·kg^-1），而东部（包括东北部）和中部的有机碳较低（其含量分别为39.65 g·kg^-1和38.32 g·kg^-1）；在垂直分布上，土壤有机碳随土壤深度的增加而减小，0~15 cm层的有机碳含量约为其表层（0~30 cm）的53.39%~70.61%。这一结果表明，玛曲北部和东南部应成为未来生态功能区建设的重中之重，严禁过度放牧，尤其是对土壤表层破坏较为严重的各种放牧活动。此外，保存现有联户体，并鼓励更多单户组合成新的联户体也有利于该区土壤有机碳的保护。

关键词: 玛曲草地, 土壤有机碳, 垂直分布, 水平分布, 过度放牧

Abstract: The total of 60 sites were selected to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution of SOC in winter rangeland of Maqu, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The stratified sampling method was taken to a depth of 30 cm using soil control sections (S1:0~15 cm; S2:15~30 cm). The results showed that, SOC of the north (including northwest) and southeastern regions (the average SOC were 58.78 g·kg^-1 and 45.78 g·kg^-1) are the higher in the aspect of horizontal distribution. However, SOC of the eastern (including northeast) and central of Maqu was lower due to heavy grazing, about 39.65 g·kg^-1 and 38.32 g·kg^-1 respectively. In the aspect of vertical distribution, the SOC decreased with the depth of soil, and the SOC of 0~15 cm is about 53.39%~70.61% of its surface (0~30 cm). From this study, we could conclude that the northern and southeastern regions in Maqu should be given priority protection, and over-grazing should be strictly prohibited, especially those activities that may cause more severe damage to the surface of the soil. Meanwhile, both the upper and the lower soils should be considered in grassland management and soil nutrient balances. In addition, the existing multi-household grassland management should be retained, and that single-household grassland management should be encouraged to reunite into the multi-household grassland management, because it is also conducive to protect the soil in this area.

Key words: Maqu grassland, soil organic carbon, vertical distribution, horizontal distribution, overgrazing

中图分类号:

S812.2

杨书荣, 张剑, 陈淑珍, 曹建军. 青藏高原玛曲冬季牧场土壤有机碳空间分布格局研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 461-468.

YANG Shurong, ZHANG Jian, CHEN Shuzhen, CAO Jianjun. Study on spatial distribution pattern of the soil organic carbon in winter rangeland of Maqu, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2018, 40(3): 461-468.

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