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冰川冻土 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 344-356.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0080

• 冰冻圈与全球变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

1987 - 2018年祁连山冰川变化遥感监测及影响因子分析

汪赢政1,2(), 李佳1,2(), 吴立新1,2, 郭磊1,2, 李建江1,2   

  1. 1.中南大学 地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.中南大学 地灾感知认知预知研究室,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-08 修回日期:2020-04-20 出版日期:2020-08-31 发布日期:2020-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 李佳 E-mail:wy-zheng@outlook.com;lijia20050710@csu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:汪赢政(1994 - ), 男, 河南驻马店人, 2017年在湖南科技大学获学士学位, 现为中南大学在读硕士研究生, 从事冰川变化遥感监测研究. E-mail: wy-zheng@outlook.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研究计划“全球变化及应对”重点专项(2018YFA0605504);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项资助项目(XDA20100101);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ50761);国家自然科学基金项目(41904006);中南大学领军人才支持计划(506030101);湖湘高层次人才聚集工程项目(2018RS3013);中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2019zzts637)

Using remote sensing images to monitor the glacier changes in Qilian Mountains during 1987 - 2018 and analyzing the impact factors

Yingzheng WANG1,2(), Jia LI1,2(), Lixin WU1,2, Lei GUO1,2, Jianjiang LI1,2   

  1. 1.School of Geosciences and Info-physics,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
    2.Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception,Cognition and Prediction,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
  • Received:2019-08-08 Revised:2020-04-20 Online:2020-08-31 Published:2020-09-11
  • Contact: Jia LI E-mail:wy-zheng@outlook.com;lijia20050710@csu.edu.cn

摘要:

祁连山冰川融水是维系我国西北地区生态平衡的重要因素。为评估祁连山冰川在全球气候变暖背景下的状态, 利用Landsat-TM、 ETM+、 OLI等遥感影像, 基于波段比值阈值法提取1987 - 2018年共计7期冰川边界进行时序变化分析。结果显示: 近31年来祁连山冰川面积从2 080.39 km2退缩到1 442.09 km2, 年均退缩率达0.99%, 相比1956 - 1990年间的退缩率(0.58%)大幅增加; 近31年来冰川物质平衡线高度稳步上升; 冰川主要分布在海拔4 700 ~ 5 100 m之间, 冰川退缩随海拔降低而增加; 约93%的冰川的面积小于2.0 km2, 小于0.1 km2的冰川的总数和总面积呈增加态势; 0.5 ~ 1.0 km2的冰川退缩最快, 年均退缩率达1.53%, 而大于10.0 km2的冰川退缩最慢, 年均退缩率为0.59%; 祁连山冰川退缩主要由夏季均温升高引起, 且最近十年间冰川呈现出加速退缩的态势。

关键词: 祁连山, 冰川退缩, 遥感, Landsat, 气候

Abstract:

Glacier meltwater from Qilian Mountains plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance in northwest China. In order to cognize the glacier change caused by climate warming in Qilian Mountains, we adopted Landsat images (TM, ETM+ and OLI) and band ratio threshold method to extract seven terms of glacier boundaries between 1987 and 2018, and interpreted the time series of glacier boundaries combining with topographic and climatic data. The results show: (1) During recent 31 years, the area of glacier in Qilian Mountains has shrank from 2 080.39 km2 to 1 442.09 km2, corresponding to an annual rate of 0.99%, which is significantly higher than the retreat rate (0.58%) from 1956 to 1990; (2) The equilibrium-line altitude has increased steadily during recent 31 years; (3) The glaciers are mainly distributed between 4 700 and 5 100 m a.s.l., and the intensity of glacier shrinkage increases as the altitude decreases; (4) About 93% glaciers have an area below 2.0 km2; the total number and area of glaciers small than 0.1 km2 are increasing; (5) The glaciers between 0.5 km2 and 1.0 km2 experienced the fastest shrinkage, with an average annual retreat rate of 1.53%, while that larger than 10.0 km2 experienced the slowest shrinkage, with an average annual retreat rate of 0.59%; (6) The glacier shrinkage in Qilian Mountains is mainly caused by the rise of summer temperature, and more importantly, the glacier shrinkage has intensified during the last decade.

Key words: Qilian Mountains, glacier shrinkage, remote sensing, Landsat, climate

中图分类号: 

  • P343.6