雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0520

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素，利用2015年采集的8个河水水样，运用数理统计、聚类分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型以及离子比值等方法，分析了雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水水化学特征，并探讨了其主要控制因素。结果表明：河水中阳离子以Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺为主，阴离子则以HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-为主，阴、阳离子分别约占其总量的96%和85%。河水水化学类型均为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型。TDS含量介于202.46~371.27 mg·L^-1，均值为299.30 mg·L^-1，较世界河流平均值高。自上至下，河水水化学特征表现出一定的差异性，河水中主要离子以及TDS、TH、EC的含量沿程表现出下降的趋势，其原因主要有支流河水汇入和降水增加的稀释作用。河水水样均落在Gibbs模型图中部偏左，表明河水中主要离子化学组分主要受水岩作用控制。离子比值法分析表明研究区碳酸盐岩以及蒸发岩的风化溶解是河水水化学的主要控制因素，且存在硅酸盐类矿物的风化。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江, 丰水期, 河水, 离子特征, 控制因素

Abstract: In order to understand the ionic composition characteristics and their controlling factors of the Yarlung Zangbo River water,8 water samples were collected in 2015. Descriptive statistics,cluster analysis,the Gibbs plots,ion ratios,and Piper triangular diagram were used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and to discuss the main control factors of river water in the main stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The results showed that the major ions of river water were HCO₃^- and SO₄^2- and the main cations were Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺,accounting for about 85% and 96%,respectively. The hydrochemical type of all river samples is HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg. The total dissolved solids in the river water ranges from 202.46 to 371.27 mg·L^-1,with an average of 299. 30 mg·L^-1, which is higher than the average of the Global River. The ionic composition characteristics of river water show some differences from upstream to downstream. The major ions in the river and the concentration of the total dissolved solids,total hardness and electric conductivity show a downward trend along the river,which are mainly caused by the dilution of the tributaries and the increase of precipitation. The river water samples were located in the middle left of the Gibbs model,indicating that the hydrochemical composition of river water is controlled by water-rock interaction. The ion ratio analysis showed that the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks exist in the study area,but the weathering of carbonate and evaporate rocks are the major controlling factors of river hydrochemistry.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, flood season, river water, ionic composition characteristics, controlling factors

中图分类号:

X142

刘久潭, 李颖智, 高宗军, 王敏, 马媛媛, 时孟杰, 张洪英. 雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(3): 697-708.

LIU Jiutan, LI Yingzhi, GAO Zongjun, WANG Min, MA Yuanyuan, SHI Mengjie, ZHANG Hongying. Ionic composition characteristics and their controlling factors in the main stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2019, 41(3): 697-708.

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