人类活动影响下的青海湖流域生态系统服务空间格局

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0531

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人类活动改变生态格局和变化，进而影响生态系统服务。因此，探讨人类活动影响下的生态系统服务空间格局，对于区域生态安全、可持续发展和人类福祉等至关重要。以青海湖流域为研究区，基于InVEST模型计算了流域2018年产水量、水质净化、生境质量、土壤保持和碳储量五种生态系统服务，并分析了不同生态系统服务的空间自相关性、相互关系以及人类活动影响下的空间格局。结果表明：流域生境质量整体较好，土壤流失整体较小。碳储量受植被覆盖的影响存在明显空间差异。农业生态系统和城镇生态系统氮、磷负荷较高。产水量环湖区和山区差异明显；产水量、碳储量和生境质量的Moran's I分别为0.786、0.742和0.705，空间聚集性最强，氮负荷最弱；协同关系主要表现在氮负荷与磷负荷、碳储量与生境质量、产水量与土壤流失之间。权衡关系主要是生境质量与产水量和氮负荷，碳储量与产水量和土壤流失之间；碳储量、生境质量和土壤流失随人类活动的增强呈现递减趋势。氮、磷负荷随人类活动的增强呈现递增趋势。人类活动通过改变不透水表面进而影响产水量。通过高分辨率遥感影像精细化定量描述人类活动以及详细探讨人类活动影响下各生态系统服务空间格局、聚集程度，可为流域科学评价生态系统服务、生态环境保护及可持续发展提供依据。

关键词: 青海湖流域, 人类活动, InVEST模型, 生态系统服务, 空间格局

Abstract: Human activities change ecological patterns and changes, which in turn affect ecosystem services. Therefore, exploring the spatial pattern of ecosystem services under the influence of human activities is crucial for regional ecological security, sustainable development and human well-being. In this paper, the Qinghai Lake watershed is used as the research area. Based on the InVEST model, five ecosystem services such as water yield, water purification, habitat quality, soil conservation and carbon storage were calculated. The spatial autocorrelation, Interrelationships and spatial patterns under the influence of human activities were analyzed. The results show that:(1) The habitat quality was generally good, and the soil loss was small. There were significant spatial differences in carbon storage, which affected by vegetation cover. The load of nitrogen and phosphorus was high in agricultural ecosystem and urban ecosystem. The difference of water yield between lake area and mountain area was obvious; (2) Moran's I of water yield, carbon storage and habitat quality were 0.786, 0.742 and 0.705, respectively. Their spatial aggregation was the strongest, and the nitrogen load was the weakest; (3) The synergies were mainly between nitrogen load and phosphorus load, carbon storage and habitat quality, water yield and soil loss. The trade-offs were mainly between habitat quality and water yield and nitrogen load, carbon storage and water yield and soil loss. (4) Carbon storage, habitat quality and soil loss showed a decreasing trend with the enhancement of human activities. The load of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase of human activities. Human activities affect water yield by altering impermeable surfaces. This study described the human activities by high-resolution remote sensing images, and the spatial pattern and aggregation degree of ecosystem services under the influence of human activities were discussed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for scientific assessment of ecosystem service, ecological environment protection and sustainable development of watershed.

Key words: Qinghai Lake watershed, human activity, InVEST model, ecosystem services, spatial pattern

中图分类号:

X171.1

连喜红, 祁元, 王宏伟, 张金龙, 杨瑞. 人类活动影响下的青海湖流域生态系统服务空间格局[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(5): 1254-1263.

LIAN Xihong, QI Yuan, WANG Hongwei, ZHANG Jinlong, YANG Rui. Spatial pattern of ecosystem services under the influence of human activities in Qinghai Lake watershed[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2019, 41(5): 1254-1263.

参考文献

[1] Costanza R, d'Arge R, de Groot R, et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature, 1997, 387(6630):253-260.
[2] Wu Jianguo. Landscape sustainability science:Ecosystem services and human well-being in changing landscapes[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2013, 28(6):999-1023.
[3] Yan Yan, Zhu Jieyuan, Wu Gang, et al. Review and prospective applications of demand, supply, and consumption of ecosystem services[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(8):2489-2496.[严岩, 朱捷缘, 吴钢, 等. 生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(8):2489-2496.]
[4] Zhang Kun, Lü Yihe, Fu Bojie. Ecosystem service evolution in ecological restoration:Trend, process, and evaluation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(20):6337-6344.[张琨, 吕一河, 傅伯杰. 生态恢复中生态系统服务的演变:趋势、过程与评估[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(20):6337-6344.]
[5] MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). Ecosystems and Human well-being:Synthesis[M]. Washington, DC:Island Press, 2005.
[6] Hou Ying, Li Bo, Müller F, et al. Ecosystem services of human-dominated watersheds and land use influences:A case study from the Dianchi Lake watershed in China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016, 188(12):652.
[7] Li Boyan, Wang Wei. Trade-offs and synergies in ecosystem services for the Yinchuan Basin in China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018, 84:837-846.
[8] Qiao Xuning, Gu Yangyang, Zou Changxin, et al. Temporal variation and spatial scale dependency of the trade-offs and synergies among multiple ecosystem services in the Taihu Lake Basin of China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 651:218-229.
[9] Hou Ying, Lü Yihe, Chen Weiping, et al. Temporal variation and spatial scale dependency of ecosystem service interactions:A case study on the central Loess Plateau of China[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2017, 32(6):1201-1217.
[10] Brauman K A, Daily G C, Duarte T K, et al. The nature and value of ecosystem services:An overview highlighting hydrologic services[J]. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2007, 32(1):67-98.
[11] Dawson N, Martin A. Assessing the contribution of ecosystem services to human wellbeing:A disaggregated study in western Rwanda[J]. Ecological Economics, 2015, 117:62-72.
[12] Deng Xiangzheng, Li Zhihui, Gibson J. A review on trade-off analysis of ecosystem services for sustainable land-use management[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016, 26(7):953-968.
[13] Song Wei, Deng Xiangzheng, Yuan Yongwei, et al. Impacts of land-use change on valued ecosystem service in rapidly urbanized North China Plain[J]. Ecological Modelling, 2015, 318:245-253.
[14] Schroter D. Ecosystem service supply and vulnerability to global change in Europe[J]. Science, 2005, 310(5752):1333-1337.
[15] Han Ze, Song Wei, Deng Xiangzheng, et al. Trade-offs and synergies in ecosystem service within the Three-Rivers headwater region, China[J]. Water, 2017, 9(8):588.
[16] Darvill R, Lindo Z. The inclusion of stakeholders and cultural ecosystem services in land management trade-off decisions using an ecosystem services approach[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2016, 31(3):533-545.
[17] Wei Hui, Zhao Wenwu, Zhang Xiao, et al. Regional ecosystem service value evaluation based on land use changes:A case study in Dezhou, Shandong Provience, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(11):3830-3839.[魏慧, 赵文武, 张骁, 等. 基于土地利用变化的区域生态系统服务价值评价:以山东省德州市为例[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(11):3830-3839.]
[18] Chang Bo, He Kangning, Li Runjie, et al. Linkage of climatic factors and human activities with water level fluctuations in Qinghai Lake in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Water, 2017, 9(7):552.
[19] Zheng Min, Zhu Maoliang, Wang Yuan, et al. Eco-environment status evaluation and change analysis of Qinghai based on national geographic conditions census data[J]. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2018, XLII-3:2453-2457.
[20] Wei Haicheng, Yuan Qin, Xu Qinghai, et al. Assessing the impact of human activities on surface pollen assemblages in Qinghai Lake Basin, China[J]. Journal of Quaternary Science, 2018, 33(6):702-712.
[21] Harris R B. Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau:A review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2010, 74(1):1-12.
[22] Cui Buli, Li Xiaoyan. Runoff processes in the Qinghai lake basin, northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China:Insights from stable isotope and hydrochemistry[J]. Quaternary International, 2015, 380/381:123-132.
[23] Liu Jiyuan, Liu Mingliang, Zhuang Dafang, et al. Spatial pattern analysis of recent land use change in China[J]. Science in China:Series D, 2002, 32(12):1031-1040.[刘纪远, 刘明亮, 庄大方, 等. 中国近期土地利用变化的空间格局分析[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2002, 32(12):1031-1040.]
[24] Ouyang Zhiyun, Zhang Lu, Wu Bingfang, et al. An ecosystem classification system based on remote sensor information in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(2):219-226.[欧阳志云, 张路, 吴炳方, 等. 基于遥感技术的全国生态系统分类体系[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(2):219-226.]
[25] Kareiva P, Tallis H, Ricketts T H, et al. Natural capital:Theory and practice of mapping ecosystem services[M]. New York, Oxford University Press, 2011.
[26] Gao Jie, Li Feng, Gao Hui, et al. The impact of land-use change on water-related ecosystem services:A study of the Guishui River Basin, Beijing, China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 163:S148-S155.
[27] Seabrook L, McAlpine C, Rhodes J, et al. Determining range edges:Habitat quality, climate or climate extremes?[J]. Diversity and Distributions, 2014, 20(1):95-106.
[28] Qi Wenhua, Li Hongran, Zhang Quanfa, et al. Forest restoration efforts drive changes in land-use/land-cover and water-related ecosystem services in China's Han River basin[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2019, 126:64-73.
[29] Sanderson E W, Jaiteh M, Levy M A, et al. The human footprint and the last of the wild:The human footprint is a global map of human influence on the land surface, which suggests that human beings are stewards of nature, whether we like it or not[J]. Bioscience, 2002, 52(10):891-904.
[30] Liu Shiliang, Liu Lumeng, Wu Xue, et al. Quantitative evaluation of human activity intensity on the regional ecological impact studies[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(19):6797-6809.[刘世梁, 刘芦萌, 武雪, 等. 区域生态效应研究中人类活动强度定量化评价[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(19):6797-6809.]
[31] Theobald D M. A general model to quantify ecological integrity for landscape assessments and US application[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2013, 28(10):1859-1874.
[32] Gonz lez-Abraham C, Ezcurra E, Garcill n P P, et al. The human footprint in Mexico:Physical geography and historical legacies[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3):e0121203.
[33] Li Shicheng, Wu Jianshuang, Gong Jian, et al. Human footprint in Tibet:Assessing the spatial layout and effectiveness of nature reserves[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 621:18-29.
[34] Woolmer G, Trombulak S C, Ray J C, et al. Rescaling the Human Footprint:A tool for conservation planning at an ecoregional scale[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2008, 87(1):42-53.
[35] Shui Yanping, Lu Huiting, Wang Huifang, et al. Assessment of habitat quality on the basis of land cover and NDVI changes in Lhasa River Basin[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(24):8946-8954.[税燕萍, 卢慧婷, 王慧芳, 等. 基于土地覆盖和NDVI变化的拉萨河流域生境质量评估[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(24):8946-8954.]
[36] Zhu Lichen, Wang Haowei, Tang Lina. Importance evaluation and spatial distribution analysis of ecosystem services in Min triangle area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(20):7254-7268.[朱立晨, 王豪伟, 唐立娜. 闽三角区域生态系统服务重要性评价及其空间分布[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(20):7254-7268.]
[37] Yan Shengjun, Wang Xuan, Cai Yanpeng, et al. An integrated investigation of spatiotemporal habitat quality dynamics and driving forces in the upper basin of Miyun reservoir, North China[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(12):4625.
[38] Li Feixue, Wang Liyan, Chen Zhenjie, et al. Extending the SLEUTH model to integrate habitat quality into urban growth simulation[J]. Journal of Environment Management, 2018, 217:486-498.
[39] Liu Yang, Bi Jun, L Jianshu. Future impacts of climate change and land use on multiple ecosystem services in a rapidly urbanizing agricultural basin, China[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(12):4575.
[40] Geng Xiaoli, Wang Xinsheng, Yan Haiming, et al. Land use/land cover change induced impacts on water supply service in the upper reach of Heihe river basin[J]. Sustainability, 2014, 7(1):366-383.