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冰川冻土 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 157-169.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2020.0006

• 从第三极到北极专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

从第三极到北极: 热喀斯特及其对碳循环影响研究进展

贾麟1(), 范成彦1, 母梅1, 陈旭1, 仲文1, 尚建国2, 张凤1, 李丽丽3, 彭小清1, 牟翠翠1,4,5(), 张廷军1,5   

  1. 1.兰州大学 资源环境学院 西部环境教育部重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国人民解放军 63983部队, 江苏 无锡 214035
    3.北京大学 城市与环境学院, 北京 100871
    4.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东 珠海 519000
    5.中国高校极地联合研究中心, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-21 修回日期:2020-03-22 出版日期:2020-06-30 发布日期:2020-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 牟翠翠 E-mail:jial14@lzu.edu.cn;mucc@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:贾麟(1995 - ), 男, 甘肃省兰州人, 2018年在兰州大学获得学士学位, 现为兰州大学在读硕士研究生, 从事多年冻土碳循环研究. E-mail: jial14@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院A战略性先导科技专项(XDA20100313);国家重点研发计划“北极快速变化的机理、 影响及其气候效应研究”项目(2019YFA0607003);国家自然科学基金项目(41871050)

Studies of thermokarst and its effects on ecosystem carbon cycle in the Third Polar regions and the Arctic

Lin JIA1(), Chengyan FAN1, Mei MU1, Xu CHEN1, Wen ZHONG1, Jianguo SHANG2, Feng ZHANG1, Lili LI3, Xiaoqing PENG1, Cuicui MU1,4,5(), Tingjun ZHANG1,5   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Unit 63983,People’s Liberation Army of China,Wuxi 214035,Jiangsu,China
    3.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
    4.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519000,Guangdong,China
    5.University Corporation for Polar Research,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2019-10-21 Revised:2020-03-22 Online:2020-06-30 Published:2020-07-03
  • Contact: Cuicui MU E-mail:jial14@lzu.edu.cn;mucc@lzu.edu.cn

摘要:

北半球多年冻土区储存着大量的土壤有机碳, 气候变暖加剧了多年冻土退化, 多年冻土退化最明显的特征是热喀斯特。热喀斯特会直接导致活动层及多年冻土层土壤有机质暴露, 并改变水文、 植被和土壤生物环境条件, 对生态系统碳循环具有重要影响。热喀斯特对碳循环的影响是评估多年冻土碳循环和气候变化关系不确定性的关键问题之一。然而, 在气候变暖背景下热喀斯特地貌的发育及其对碳循环影响有多大, 目前对这个问题仍然缺乏足够的认识。通过综合比较第三极和北极热喀斯特相关研究, 分析了第三极和北极地区热喀斯特地貌特征及其变化趋势, 阐述了热喀斯特对植被演替、 土壤碳损失和生态系统温室气体排放过程的影响, 并提出了未来热喀斯特研究可能遇到的挑战。认识热喀斯特碳循环过程, 是评估气候变化对多年冻土碳循环影响的关键环节, 有助于加强多年冻土区生态系统碳循环与气候变暖之间反馈关系的认知。

关键词: 多年冻土, 热喀斯特, 碳循环, 第三极, 北极

Abstract:

Large quantities of organic carbon are stored in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions. Climate warming can accelerate permafrost degradation, one of the most significant characteristics is thermokarst. Thermokarst can directly exposes soil organic matter and change soil hydrological and biological conditions, which plays an important role in ecosystem carbon cycle. The effect of thermokarst on carbon cycle is one of the key issues to assess the uncertainties of the responses of permafrost carbon cycle to climate change. However, little is known about the effect of thermokarst formation on permafrost carbon cycle. In this paper, we review the characteristics of thermokarst landscapes and its changes in the Third Pole regions and the Arctic. Meanwhile, the effects of thermokarst on vegetation evolution, soil carbon loss and ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions were explained. Combined with the monitoring techniques of thermokarst landscapes, the challenges for studying permafrost carbon cycle are presented. Studies of thermokarst development, ecosystem carbon emission and its biogeochemical processes in permafrost regions are essential to predict the effects of climate change on permafrost carbon cycle. It will provide insights for enhancing the understanding of feedback dynamics between permafrost carbon cycle and climate warming.

Key words: permafrost, thermokarst, carbon cycle, Third Pole, Arctic

中图分类号: 

  • P642.14