天山夏特河流域晚第四纪冰川沉积序列与地貌演化

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2021.0016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

夏特河源于天山最大现代冰川作用中心托木尔—汗腾格里峰的东北坡，流域内保存有形态较为清晰的四套冰川沉积。这些地形记录了夏特河流域的古冰川变化，对它们进行研究可获得该地晚第四纪以来的冰川时空演化规律。在第三套冰碛夹层中的砂质透镜体里采集了5个OSL年代学样品，应用单片再生（SAR）测年技术测得它们的年龄为（13.3±0.8）~（20.1±1.3） ka。基于测年结果、各套冰碛距现代冰川的远近、冰碛垄的完整程度、冰碛物的风化胶结状况及接触关系，并参阅托木尔—汗腾格里峰南坡与东南坡以及东、中、西段天山其他流域的年代学资料，可初步得出：第一套和第二套冰碛分别沉积于小冰期和新冰期；第三套冰碛形成于末次盛冰期及随后的冰消期，可对应于海洋氧同位素阶段（MIS） 2；保存在河口的第四套冰川沉积及与其相关联的宽阔且长达数十千米的“U”形谷共同指示，它应形成于冰川规模较大的倒数第二次冰期，时间上可对应于MIS 6。

关键词: OSL测年, 晚第四纪, 托木尔峰地区, 天山

Abstract:

Xiate River valley originates on the northeastern slope of Tumur-Hantengri Peak， the largest center of modern glaciation in the Tianshan Mountains， Central Asia. Four sets of glacial deposits are well preserved in this drainage. Dating these landforms allows for reconstruction of the spatial and temporal variations of glaciers in this valley. Five glaciofluvial samples （sand lenses sandwiched within the third moraine complex） were dated using optically stimulated luminescence with a single aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. The ages ［（13.3±0.8）~（20.1±1.3） ka］ show general agreement with the geological setting and field investigations. Based on the ages， geomorphic and stratigraphic investigation as well as the Quaternary glacial sequence in the adjoining valleys and available literatures of the whole Tianshan Mountains and western China （west of 105° E）， we conclude that the first and second sets of moraines were formed during the Little Ice Age （the large glacial advances that occurred during cold periods since the 16th century） and Neoglaciation （glacial advances during the last 3~4 ka）， respectively. The OSL ages demonstrate that the third moraine complex was deposited during the late period of the Last Glaciation， corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stage （MIS） 2. The deposits at the mouth of the Xiate River， the well-developed glacial trough indicate that a large compound valley glacier developed in this drainage， predate the Last Glacial Cycle. It is reasonable to infer that the fourth set of glacial complex was formed during MIS 6 glaciation. Since then， a pattern of restricted glaciations occurred after Penultimate Glacial Cycle in this valley and in the whole Tianshan Mountains.

Key words: OSL dating, late Quaternary, Tumur Peak area, Tianshan Mountains

中图分类号:

P931.4

刘瑞连,赵井东,殷秀峰. 天山夏特河流域晚第四纪冰川沉积序列与地貌演化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2021, 43(3): 747-755.

Ruilian LIU,Jingdong ZHAO,Xiufeng YIN. Late Quaternary glacial sequence and landform evolution in the Xiate River valley， Tianshan Mountains， China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2021, 43(3): 747-755.

图/表 7

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样品编号	样品的位置信息				U/10^-6	Th/10^-6	K/%	含水量/%	D_e/Gy	年龄/ka
样品编号	经度/E	纬度/N	海拔/m	深度/m	U/10^-6	Th/10^-6	K/%	含水量/%	D_e/Gy	年龄/ka
MZRT-O-3-0	80°43′33.6″	42°32′35.6″	2 346±8.1	1.9	2.80±0.11	12.9±0.35	2.09±0.06	8.23	60.38±3.50	15.6±1.1
MZRT-O-3-1	80°43′34.3″	42°32′34.4″	2 368±8.2	2.2	2.66±0.10	15.2±0.41	2.20±0.06	8.95	58.03±3.17	14.3±1.0
MZRT-O-3-2	80°43′34.3″	42°32′35.5″	2 371±16.8	2.5	2.28±0.10	11.9±0.33	2.00±0.06	4.54	74.52±3.90	20.1±1.3
MZRT-O-3-3	80°43′14.1″	42°32′47.2″	2 332±6.9	3.7	2.03±0.09	9.3±0.28	1.56±0.05	8.68	43.08±1.99	15.2±1.0
MZRT-O-3-4	80°43′02.6″	42°32′53.7″	2 301±30.9	6.5	3.56±0.12	12.1±0.34	2.13±0.06	7.91	52.61±2.29	13.3±0.8

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