高寒内流区极端降水的气候变化特征分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2021.0042

冰川冻土 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 1693-1703.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2021.0042

• 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究 • 上一篇下一篇

高寒内流区极端降水的气候变化特征分析

高文德^1,²(),王昱¹,李宗省²(),王文胜³,杨盛梅³

^1.兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050
^2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000
^3.西藏自治区水文水资源勘测局昌都水文分局，西藏昌都 854000

收稿日期:2020-10-31 修回日期:2021-02-09 出版日期:2021-12-31 发布日期:2022-01-28
通讯作者: 李宗省 E-mail:1357790513@qq.com;lizxhhs@163.com
作者简介:高文德，硕士研究生，主要从事气候变化研究. E-mail： 1357790513@qq.com
基金资助:
中国科学院“西部之光”交叉团队项目-重点实验室合作研究专项;国家自然科学基金项目(42077187);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0405);国家“万人计划”青年拔尖人才项目资助

Analysis on the characteristics of climate change in the endorheic area in alpine region based on extreme precipitation index

Wende GAO^1,²(),Yu WANG¹,Zongxing LI²(),Wensheng WANG³,Shengmei YANG³

^1.School of Energy and Power Engineering，Lanzhou University of Technology，Lanzhou 730050，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^3.Qamdo Hydrology and Water Resources Branch，Tibet Autonomous Region Hydrology and Water Resources Survey，Qamdo 854000，Tibet，China

Received:2020-10-31 Revised:2021-02-09 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2022-01-28
Contact: Zongxing LI E-mail:1357790513@qq.com;lizxhhs@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用中国气象局1969—2017年高寒内流区25个气象站的日降水资料，分析极端降水的变化特征，结果表明：1969—2017年高寒内流区降水量呈上升趋势，这种上升很大程度上可能是由于夏季降水量增加导致的，且20世纪90年代以后降水量增加趋势更加明显。极端降水指数除连续干旱日数外，均呈不同程度的增加趋势，其年际变化反映出在进入21世纪后高寒内流区降水向强降水量和日数更多、强度更强、极值更大的方向发展。极端降水指数空间差异性明显，连续湿润日数、雨日降水总量、雨日降水强度、单日最大降水量、五日最大降水量、极端降水量和日降水大于10 mm日数表现显著增加趋势的台站百分率分别为5%、64%、42%、60%、32%、35%和43%，连续干旱日数表现显著下降趋势的台站百分率为5%。极端降水事件具有一致性，总降水量增加，极端降水的频率、强度、极值也增加，小雨日数增加是降水总量增加的因素之一。极端降水增湿幅度有随海拔升高有增大趋势，高海拔区雨日降水量和雨日天数的增加是极端降水总量增加的主要因素。

关键词: 极端降水指数, 高寒内流区, 海拔, 气候变化

Abstract:

Based on the daily precipitation of 25 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2017， the temporal and spatial variations in extreme precipitation events in the endorheic area in alpine region were analyzed. The results showed that the precipitation in study area delineates a significant increasing tendency， such an increase may largely stem from the contribution of the increase in summer precipitation， and the increasing trend of precipitation was more obvious after 1990s. Except CDD， the extreme precipitation index showed an increasing trend with different degrees， and the precipitation in the endorheic area in alpine region developed to the direction of heavier precipitation， more days， stronger intensity and greater extreme value after entering the 21st century. The percentage of stations with CWD， PRCPTOT， SDII， RX1Day， RX5Day， R95 and R10 showing a significant increasing trend was 5%， 64%， 42%， 60%， 32%， 35% and 43%， and the percentage of stations with CDD showing a significant decreasing trend was 5%.Extreme precipitation events were consistent. As total precipitation increased， the frequency， intensity and extreme value of extreme precipitation also increased， and the increase of light rain days was one of the factors contributing to the increase of total precipitation. The humidification amplitude of the extreme precipitation index increases with the increase of altitude. The increase of precipitation and number of rainy days in high altitude area was the main factor for the increase of total amount of extreme precipitation.

Key words: extreme precipitation index, the endorheic area in alpine region, altitude, climate change

中图分类号:

P468.0⁺24

高文德,王昱,李宗省,王文胜,杨盛梅. 高寒内流区极端降水的气候变化特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2021, 43(6): 1693-1703.

Wende GAO,Yu WANG,Zongxing LI,Wensheng WANG,Shengmei YANG. Analysis on the characteristics of climate change in the endorheic area in alpine region based on extreme precipitation index[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2021, 43(6): 1693-1703.

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	降水量	CDD	CWD	PRCPTOP	RX1day	RX5day	SDII	R95	R10 mm
降水量	1	-0.18	0.48^**	0.99^**	0.56^**	0.71^**	0.50^**	0.81^**	0.91^**
CDD	-0.18	1	-0.18	-0.19	0.17	-0.15	0.05	-0.07	-0.23
CWD	0.48^**	-0.18	1	0.53^**	0.21	0.38^**	-0.05	0.19	0.27
PRCPTOP	0.99^**	-0.19	0.53^**	1	0.59^**	0.73^**	0.51^**	0.82^**	0.91^**
RX1day	0.56^**	0.17	0.21	0.59^**	1	0.79^**	0.57^**	0.75^**	0.49^**
RX5day	0.71^**	-0.15	0.38^**	0.73^**	0.79^**	1	0.57^**	0.81^**	0.69^**
SDII	0.50^**	0.05	-0.50	0.51^**	0.57^**	0.57^**	1	0.72^**	0.67^**
R95	0.81^**	-0.07	0.19	0.82^**	0.75^**	0.81^**	0.72^**	1	0.85^**
R10mm	0.91^**	-0.23	0.27	0.91^**	0.49^**	0.69^**	0.67^**	0.85^**	1

海拔/m	CDD	CWD	PCRPTOT	RX1day	RX5day	SDII	R95	R10 mm
2 000~3 000	-4.57	0.05	6.95	0.54	1.2	0.03	5.06	0.28
3 000~4 000	-1.31	0.07	16.12	1.21	2.95	0.16	5.08	0.59
4 000~4 500	-1.76	-0.13	-0.66	-0.89	-1.57	-0.08	6.73	-0.08
4 500~5 000	-6.17	0.1	18.78	0.66	1.62	0.09	0.31	0.77

高寒内流区极端降水的气候变化特征分析

Analysis on the characteristics of climate change in the endorheic area in alpine region based on extreme precipitation index

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参考文献 46

指数代码	名称	定义	单位
PRCPTOT	雨日降水总量	日降水量大于1 mm的总降水量	mm
SDII	雨日降水强度	日降水量大于1 mm雨日的平均雨量	mm·d^-1
RX1day	单日最大降水量	年内单日最大降水量	mm
RX5day	五日最大降水量	年内连续五日最大降水量	mm
R95	极端降水量	日降水量大于第95个百分位的雨日降75水总量	mm
CDD	连续干旱日数	日降水量小于1 mm的连续日数	d
CWD	连续湿润日数	日降水量大于1 mm的连续日数	d
R10 mm	日降水大于10 mm日数	日降水量大于10 mm的日数	d