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冰川冻土 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 46-55.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2022.0019

• 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

1957—2019年昆仑山北麓车尔臣河流域水文情势及其对气候变化的响应

达伟1(), 王书峰2, 沈永平3, 陈安安4, 毛炜峄5, 张伟3()   

  1. 1.新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞水文勘测局,新疆 库尔勒 841000
    2.新疆维吾尔自治区和田水文勘测局,新疆 和田 848000
    3.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室 可可托海积雪站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4.西北大学 城市与环境学院,陕西 西安 710127
    5.中国气象局 乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 836500
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-10 修回日期:2021-09-16 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2022-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 张伟 E-mail:1009722879@qq.com;zhangw06@lzb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:达伟,高级工程师,主要从事干旱区气候变化的水文效应研究. E-mail: 1009722879@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510502);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK020805);国家自然科学基金项目(41801035);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLCS-ZZ-2022);中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院人才项目资助

Hydrological response to the climatic changes in the Qarqan River basin at the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains during 1957—2019

Wei DA1(), Shufeng WANG2, YongPing SHEN3, Anan CHEN4, Weiyi MAO5, Wei ZHANG3()   

  1. 1.Hydrology Reconnaissance Bureau of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,Korla 841000,Xinjiang,China
    2.Hydrology Reconnaissance Bureau of Hetian Prefecture,Hetian 848000,Xinjiang,China
    3.Koktokay Snow Station,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.College of Urban and Environmental sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China
    5.Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China
  • Received:2021-03-10 Revised:2021-09-16 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2022-03-28
  • Contact: Wei ZHANG E-mail:1009722879@qq.com;zhangw06@lzb.ac.cn

摘要:

气候变暖背景下干旱区水文、水资源的变化仍是影响区域水资源利用和洪水灾害防治的关键科学问题。基于1957—2019年长序列的水文、气象资料,系统分析了昆仑山北麓车尔臣河流域的水文变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。总体上,车尔臣河流域的水文过程的显著变化发生在1990s末期,变化前后年径流量约增加了54.67%,所有季节径流的增加共同造成了年径流的增加,其中夏季径流的增加对年径流增加的贡献最大,其次依次为秋季、春季和冬季。降水增加(第一控制因素)和气温升高(第二控制因素)共同造成了车尔臣河流域水文过程的变化。具体到径流年内变化,降水是春夏季径流变化的主控因素,而秋冬季径流变化的主控因素是气温。径流增加为中下游提供更多水资源的同时,也导致年际间水文洪涝和干旱事件发生的频率增加、强度增强。冰冻圈在该地区水文循环中起着重要的作用,但其对水文过程的影响仍不明确,加强阿尔金高山区的冰川、多年冻土监测将为进一步预估水文对气候变化的响应提供基础数据支撑。

关键词: 青藏高原, 车尔臣河, 气候变化, 冰冻圈变化, 水文效应

Abstract:

Following the global warming, the changes in hydrology and available water resources in arid regions are still a significant scientific problem that affects the utilization of regional water resources and flood disaster prevention and control. Utilizing long-term meteorological and hydrological datasets from 1957 to 2019, the responses of hydrological processes to climatic changes and their potential impacts were systematically analyzed in the Qarqan River Basin on the northwestern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In general, the significant change of the hydrological process in the Qarqan River basin occurred in the late 1990s, and the annual water resources increased by about 54.67% before and after that change. The seasonal runoffs in all seasons contributed to the increase of annual runoff, in which the increase of summer runoff contributed the most, followed by autumn, spring, and winter. The increase of precipitation (the first controlling factor) and the rise of air temperature (the second controlling factor) jointly caused the change of the hydrological process in the Qarqan River basin. In terms of seasonal runoff variations, precipitation was the main controlling factor for runoff variation in spring and summer, while the temperature was the main controlling factor for runoff variation in autumn and winter. Although the increase of runoff in the Qarqan River basin provides more freshwater for the middle and lower reaches, but the interannual variation of discharge will increase the frequency of hydrological flood and drought. It is worth noting that the cryosphere plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle of this region, but its influence on the hydrological process is still unclear. To strengthen the monitoring of glaciers and permafrost in the Altun Alpine region will provide basic data support for further predicting the response of hydrology to climate change.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qarqan River, climate change, cryospheric change, hydrological effect

中图分类号: 

  • P333