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冰川冻土 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 843-862.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2022.0082

• 冰冻圈与全球变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于Polar WRF模型的南极冰盖气温、风速和气压数值模拟

张玉伦1,2(), 王叶堂2(), 侯书贵1   

  1. 1.南京大学 地理与海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210023
    2.山东师范大学 地理与环境学院,山东 济南 250358
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-17 修回日期:2021-06-26 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 王叶堂 E-mail:z_yulun@163.com;wangyetang@163.com
  • 作者简介:张玉伦,博士研究生,主要从事极地气候数值模拟研究. E-mail: z_yulun@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971081);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJH011);中国科学院战略性先导科技项目(A类)(XAD19070103);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830644);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划培育项目(91837102);国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(41622605);江苏省"333高层次人才工程"项目(BRA2020030);国家海洋局极地考察办公室极地科学协同创新平台项目(CXPT2020012)

Simulations of temperature, wind speed and pressure in the Antarctic Ice Sheet based on Polar WRF

Yulun ZHANG1,2(), Yetang WANG2(), Shugui HOU1   

  1. 1.School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China
    2.Geography and Environment College,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China
  • Received:2020-08-17 Revised:2021-06-26 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-08-27
  • Contact: Yetang WANG E-mail:z_yulun@163.com;wangyetang@163.com

摘要:

在全球变暖的背景下,南极已成为全球气候变化研究的热点,然而其区域内的观测站点稀疏且缺乏较长的时间序列,限制了人们对南极气候变化机制的分析与理解。Polar WRF作为目前最先进的极地区域气候模型之一,有力弥补了观测资料不足的缺陷,然而模式存在误差,在应用之前有必要对其定量评估。本文利用Polar WRF3.9.1对2004—2013年南极冰盖2 m气温、10 m风速和地表气压进行了数值模拟,并与28个气象站数据进行了对比分析,结果表明:模式对气温的模拟值在东南极沿岸偏低,在内陆偏高,在南极半岛既存在冷偏差也存在暖偏差,而对风速和气压的模拟整体呈高估。而从均方根误差和平均绝对误差的空间分布来看,模式对气温和气压的模拟结果在东南极沿岸的精度高于内陆和南极半岛,而风速则在内陆的精度要高于沿岸地区。但总体来说模拟效果较为理想,在2004—2013年间气温、风速、气压的模拟值的变化趋势与实测值的变化趋势相同。模式模拟的年平均2 m气温和近地面气压在所有站点都通过了α=0.1的显著性检验,季节误差和月误差整体较小,且所有月份的相关系数都分别大于0.90与0.79。模式对10 m风速的模拟精度要略低,部分沿岸站点的年平均误差超过了7.5 m·s-1,但整体而言其在四季和各个月份的相关性均大于0.5且误差小于4.5 m·s-1。虽然Polar WRF作为天气模式,但在模拟长时间尺度的气候方面仍然表现较好。

关键词: 南极冰盖, Polar WRF, 数值模拟, 温度, 风速, 气压

Abstract:

With the global warming, Antarctica is increasingly becoming the attentive hotspot in global climate change research. However, there is a principal reason for our poor understanding the mechanism of climate change in Antarctica due to the inadequate meteorological observations. Polar Weather Research and Forecasting Model (Polar WRF), one of the most advanced limited-area models, is an appropriate tool available for offsetting the lack of observations. It is crucial to assess the performance of Polar WRF before application for climate change studies because of the model’s uncertainties. Simulated 2 m temperature, 10 m wind speed and near surface pressure over the Antarctic Ice Sheet for the period 2004—2013 are evaluated using 28 weather stations. Results show that there is a cold bias over coast of East Antarctica, a warm bias in the inland of East Antarctica, and both cold and warm biases exist in the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, the simulation of wind speed and near surface pressure is overestimated in the entire ice sheet. The modeled 2 m air temperature and near surface pressure along the coast are more accurate than in the inland, but opposite for the wind speed. In general, Polar WRF shows a good skill in simulating 2 m air temperature, 10 m wind speed and near surface pressure. The trend of observed air temperature, wind speed and near surface pressure in the period of 2004 to 2013 is roughly captured by simulations. Moreover, the simulated annual mean 2 m temperature and near surface pressure simulated passed significance test of α=0.1, the seasonal and monthly errors are relative lower, and the correlation of all months are greater than 0.90 and 0.79 respectively. While some larger errors exist in costal stations for wind speed, the correlation between seasonal and monthly mean simulated wind speed and observed wind speed is greater than 0.5 and the error value is less than 4.5 m·s-1. Overall, as a weather model, Polar WRF performs well in simulating long time scale weather and climate.

Key words: Antarctic ice sheet, Polar WRF, numerical simulation, temperature, wind speed, pressure

中图分类号: 

  • P467