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冰川冻土 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 885-899.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2022.0085

• 冰冻圈与全球变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

1960—2020年高加索山地冰川变化研究

侯姗姗1,2(), 王宁练1,2,3(), 李志杰1,2   

  1. 1.陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西 西安 710127
    2.西北大学 城市与环境学院 地表系统与灾害研究院,陕西 西安 710127
    3.中国科学院 青藏高原研究所,北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-23 修回日期:2022-05-21 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 王宁练 E-mail:sshou341@163.com;nlwang@nwu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:侯姗姗,硕士研究生,主要从事冰川变化与气候变化研究. E-mail: sshou341@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20060201);国家自然科学基金项目(42130516)

Glacier variations in the Caucasus Mountains from 1960 to 2020

Shanshan HOU1,2(), Ninglian WANG1,2,3(), Zhijie LI1,2   

  1. 1.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi’an 710127, China
    2.Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
    3.Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2022-03-23 Revised:2022-05-21 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-08-27
  • Contact: Ninglian WANG E-mail:sshou341@163.com;nlwang@nwu.edu.cn

摘要:

冰川融水是高加索重要的淡水资源,对区域农业灌溉、水利发电等具有重要意义。本文基于Landsat影像和Sentinel-1影像对的相干系数图,结合GLIMS冰川编目以及WGMS冰川物质平衡资料,研究了1960—2020年高加索山地冰川变化的时空格局。研究结果表明,2020年高加索山共分布有冰川1 912条,总面积(1 087.36±66.44) km2。1960—2020年冰川面积共计萎缩(587.36±98.66) km2[(35.07±5.89)%],年均萎缩率达到(0.58±0.10)%·a-1。1960—1986年、1986—2000年、2000—2020年高加索冰川的面积萎缩率分别为(0.44±0.20)%·a-1、(0.66±0.77)%·a-1和(0.96±0.31)%·a-1,表明近60年以来高加索冰川处于加速退缩状态。对物质平衡资料的分析结果显示,近60年来高加索山脉的Djankuat和Garabashi冰川均处于强烈的负平衡状态,并在2000年后物质亏损明显加速。对气候资料的分析结果则表明气温的加速上升是近几十年来高加索山地冰川加速退缩的主要原因。

关键词: 高加索山脉, 冰川变化, 物质平衡, 气候变化

Abstract:

Glacial meltwater is an important freshwater resource in the Caucasus and is important for regional irrigation and hydroelectricity generation. This paper analyses the spatial and temporal patterns of glacier change in the Caucasus Mountains from 1960 to 2020 based on Landsat images, coherence images from Sentinel-1 image pairs, GLIMS glacier inventory and WGMS glacier mass balance data. The results of the study show that in 2020 there were 1912 glaciers in the Caucasus Mountains, with a total area of (1 087.36±66.44) km2. The total glacier area shrank by (587.36±98.66) km2 (35.07±5.89%) between 1960 and 2020, with an average annual shrinkage rate of (0.58±0.10%)·a-1. The area shrinkage rates of Caucasian glaciers for 1960—1986, 1986—2000 and 2000—2020 are (0.44±0.20%)·a-1, (0.66±0.77%)·a-1 and (0.96±0.31%)·a-1, respectively, indicating that Caucasian glaciers in a state of accelerated retreat over the last 60 years. Analysis of mass balance information shows that both the Djankuat and Garabashi glaciers in the Caucasus have been in a strong negative equilibrium for nearly 60 years, with a significant acceleration of mass deficit after 2000. Analysis of climate data suggests that the strong warming is the main reason for the accelerated retreat of glaciers in the Caucasus mountains in recent decades.

Key words: Caucasus Mountains, glacier changes, mass balance, climate change

中图分类号: 

  • P343.6