冰川冻土 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 1029-1040.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2022.0096
李晶1,2(), 刘时银3, 张世强4, 陈仁升5, 赵求东6, 郭万钦1, 上官冬辉1, 王荣军1, 钟歆玥7, 尹振良6, 李弘毅7
收稿日期:
2021-12-15
修回日期:
2022-06-13
出版日期:
2022-06-25
发布日期:
2022-08-27
作者简介:
李晶,助理研究员,主要从事山区冰雪水文观测与模拟研究. E-mail: jingli@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
Jing LI1,2(), Shiyin LIU3, Shiqiang ZHANG4, Rensheng CHEN5, Qiudong ZHAO6, Wanqin GUO1, Donghui SHANGGUAN1, Rongjun WANG1, Xinyue ZHONG7, Zhengliang YIN6, Hongyi LI7
Received:
2021-12-15
Revised:
2022-06-13
Online:
2022-06-25
Published:
2022-08-27
摘要:
融雪径流是西北地区宝贵的水资源。过去几十年,西北山区融雪径流模拟研究广泛开展,在积雪消融过程观测和模拟、驱动数据空间分布与融雪径流模型应用、分布式融雪径流模型改进和发展方面都开展了比较深入的研究,取得了较好的成果。插值算法、遥感反演和数据同化技术的发展,为分布式融雪径流模型在西北山区的广泛应用提供了数据支撑。气候变暖和经济社会的发展将进一步加剧西北干旱区水资源供需矛盾,对融雪径流模拟的精度和时空分辨率提出了更高的要求。综合西北山区融雪径流模拟研究的已有进展和面临挑战,提出未来西北山区融雪径流模拟研究需要在积雪积累和消融过程的机理探究、积雪时空分布变化监测和高精度积雪分布数据获取、气候变化对流域融雪径流影响量化方面开展深入研究。
中图分类号:
李晶, 刘时银, 张世强, 陈仁升, 赵求东, 郭万钦, 上官冬辉, 王荣军, 钟歆玥, 尹振良, 李弘毅. 中国西北山区融雪径流模拟研究回顾与展望[J]. 冰川冻土, 2022, 44(3): 1029-1040.
Jing LI, Shiyin LIU, Shiqiang ZHANG, Rensheng CHEN, Qiudong ZHAO, Wanqin GUO, Donghui SHANGGUAN, Rongjun WANG, Xinyue ZHONG, Zhengliang YIN, Hongyi LI. Review on snowmelt runoff simulation in mountain regions, Northwest China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2022, 44(3): 1029-1040.
表1
西北山区积雪表面能量平衡观测结果"
冰川名称及位置 | 海拔/m | 观测时段 | 主要能量来源项/% | 主要能量消耗项/% | 文献来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
天山南坡托木尔峰西琼台兰冰川 | 4 000 | 1978年7月 | 净辐射/59% | 消融/82% | [ |
天山中段积雪与雪崩站 | 1 776 | 1987年3月26日—4月13日 | 净辐射/75.3% | 消融/95.1% | [ |
天山北坡乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川 | 3 910 | 1986年—1990年6、7、8月 | 净辐射/84.9% | 消融/94.2% | [ |
天山南坡科其喀尔冰川 | 4 200 | 2005年6—9月 | 净辐射/81.4% | 消融/69.5% | [ |
祁连山中段七一冰川 | 4 473 | 2006年6月9日—9月28日 | 净辐射/82.4% | 消融/87.2% | [ |
祁连山中段七一冰川 | 4 473 | 2007年7月1日—10月10日 | 净辐射/81% | 消融/71.5% | [ |
天山北坡军塘湖流域 | 1 500 | 2009年3月2日—18日 | 净辐射/78% | — | [ |
祁连山西段老虎沟12号冰川 | 5 080 | 2006年6月21日—7月31日 | 净辐射/82.1% | 消融/70.8% | [ |
祁连山西段老虎沟12号冰川 | 4 550 | 2012年6月1日—9月30日 | 净辐射/84% | 消融/62% | [ |
祁连山中段八一冰川 | 4 274 | 2018年8月1日—2019年7月31日 | 净辐射/81% | 消融/70% | [ |
表2
分布式融雪径流模型在西北山区的应用概况及关键驱动数据来源"
流域 | 所用模型 | 核心算法 | 驱动数据来源或空间分布方法 | 文献来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|
阿尔泰山额尔齐斯河源区 | GBEHM | 能量平衡 | CMFD同化格网数据加降尺度 | [ |
天山巩乃斯河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山玛纳斯河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山玛纳斯河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山玛纳斯河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 气象预报数值产品插值 | [ |
天山玛纳斯河 | SWAT | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山玛纳斯河 | SWAT | 度日因子 | 站点插值,参数率定 | [ |
天山玛纳斯河 | UEB | 能量平衡 | CMFD降尺度 | [ |
天山北坡呼图壁河 | DHSVM | 能量平衡 | WRF模拟 | [ |
天山军塘湖 | SWAT | 能量平衡方法 | 站点插值加统计模型计算 | [ |
天山北坡呼图壁河流域 | VIC | 能量平衡 | 站点插值,气候模式数据降尺度 | [ |
天山乌鲁木齐河源区 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山乌鲁木齐河 | SWAT | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山乌鲁木齐河源区 | SRM | 度日因子加总辐射和反照率 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山开都河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点气象数据参数化处理 | [ |
天山开都河 | SRM | 有效活动积温改进度日计算 | 插值降水加站点插值 | [ |
天山开都河 | SWAT | 度日因子 | 气候模式数据降尺度加空间插值 | [ |
天山开都河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 格网数据重新插值 | [ |
昆仑山提孜那普河 | SRM | 度日因子加反照率 | 站点插值和GPCP格网数据 | [ |
天山喀什河流域 | VIC | 能量平衡 | CFSR再分析数据产品 | [ |
天山南坡阿克苏河源区 | VIC | 能量平衡 | 站点插值 | [ |
天山南坡托什干河流域 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值加大尺度格网分布 | [ |
天山南坡塔河源区 | SRM | 度日因子 | 插值格网数据 | [ |
祁连山疏勒河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
祁连山疏勒河 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
祁连山黑河上游 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
祁连山黑河上游 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
祁连山黑河上游 | SWAT | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
祁连山黑河流域 | SRM | 度日因子 | 站点插值 | [ |
祁连山石羊河 | SWAT | 度日因子 | 站点插值加统计公式 | [ |
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