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冰川冻土 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1748-1756.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2022.0362

• 冰冻圈与全球变化 • 上一篇    

大兴安岭地区极寒天气特征分析

许丽玲1(), 康恒元2, 潘明溪3, 韩凤岐1, 沈月钊4, 喻文兵5, 张秀红3   

  1. 1.漠河市气象局, 黑龙江 漠河 165399
    2.哈尔滨市气象局, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
    3.呼兰区气象局, 黑龙江 呼兰 150025
    4.五常市气象局, 黑龙江 五常 150200
    5.重庆交通大学, 重庆 400074
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-22 修回日期:2022-08-22 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2023-01-18
  • 作者简介:许丽玲,高级工程师,主要从事短期天气预报和气象服务. E-mail: mhxll@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0605603);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2019D013);黑龙江省经济社会发展重点研究项目(22130)

Characteristics analysis of extremely cold weather in the Greater Khingan Mountains region

Liling XU1(), Hengyuan KANG2, Mingxi PAN3, Fengqi HAN1, Yuezhao SHEN4, Wenbing YU5, Xiuhong ZHANG3   

  1. 1.Mohe Meteorological Bureau,Mohe 165399,Heilongjiang,China
    2.Harbin Meteorological Bureau,Harbin 150001,China
    3.Hulan District Meteorological Bureau,Hulan 150025,Heilongjiang,China
    4.Wuchang Meteorological Bureau,Wuchang 150200,Heilongjiang,China
    5.Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China
  • Received:2022-03-22 Revised:2022-08-22 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2023-01-18

摘要:

极寒天气对大兴安岭地区冬季生产生活有重要影响。本文利用大兴安岭地区1974—2021年极寒天气时地面观测站日最低气温数据,月环流指数资料,采用气候统计方法,分析极寒日数和极端最低气温的时空分布及变化特征;用Mann-Kendall方法、Morlet小波分析检验极寒日数和极端最低气温的突变和周期;用经验频率方法计算极端最低气温的重现期;采用相关法分析对极寒日数有显著影响的环流因子。结果表明:(1)大兴安岭地区极寒日数空间分布不均匀,由西北向南逐渐减少,极寒日数最多是呼中717 d,最少是加格达奇29 d,全区极寒日数在1979年发生突变,突变后年平均极寒日数比突变前减少14.2 d,年极寒日数存在2~4年显著周期;(2)全区极端最低气温在1990年发生突变,突变之前极端最低气温偏低,之后开始上升,年极端最低气温的显著周期是4~5年,极端最低气温-49.6 ℃,出现在漠河,其次是呼中-49.2 ℃;两年一遇、五年一遇、十年一遇的极端最低气温出现在呼中,二十年一遇、五十年一遇、百年一遇的极端最低气温出现在漠河;(3)斯堪的纳维亚遥相关型与大兴安岭地区冬季(12月和次年1、2月)极寒日数相关性很好,呈正向增长的环流模态,对大兴安岭地区冬季的极寒天气变化影响较大。

关键词: 极端最低气温, 极寒天气, 极寒日数

Abstract:

Extremely cold weather has an important influence on winter production and life in the Greater Khingan Mountains region. This paper uses the daily minimum temperature data of ground observation stations during extreme cold weather from 1974 to 2021 in the Greater Khingan Mountains region, monthly circulation index data, the spatial distribution and temporal variation characteristics of extreme cold days and extreme minimum temperature were analyzed by climate statistical method;The abrupt changes and periods of extreme cold days and extreme minimum temperature were tested by Mann-Kendall method and Morlet wavelet analysis;calculating the recurrence period of extreme minimum temperature by empirical frequency method;correlation method was used to analyze the circulation factors which had significant influence on the number of extremely cold days.The results are followed: (1) The spatial distribution of extreme cold days in the Greater Khingan Mountains region was not uniform,and gradually decreasing from northwest to south. The extreme cold days was at most 717 d in Huzhong,and at least 29 d in Gagadaki,the extreme cold days in the whole region mutated in 1979,and the average annual extreme cold days decreased 14.2 d after the mutation compared with that before the mutation,and the annual extremely cold days have a significant cycle of 2 to 4 years.(2) The extreme minimum temperature in the whole region mutated in 1990,before the mutation the extreme minimum temperature was low and after the mutation began to rise,the significant cycle of annual extreme minimum temperature was 4 to 5 years,the extreme lowest temperature was -49.6 ℃ in Mohe, followed by -49.2 ℃ in Huzhong;the extreme lowest temperature occurs once every 2 years,once every 5 years and once every 10 years in Huzhong,while the extreme lowest temperature occurs once in 20 years,once in 50 years and once in 100 years in Mohe.(3) SCAND teleconnection patterm has a good correlation with extreme cold days in winter (January,February and December) in the Greater Khingan Mountains region.Positive growth of the circulation mode,it has great influence on the extreme cold weather in winter in the Greater Khingan Mountains region.

Key words: extreme minimum temperature, extremely cold weather, extreme cold days

中图分类号: 

  • P458