Abstract: According to the investigations of stratigraphic lithology and sedimentary characteristics, radiocarbon C¹⁴ dating, pollen analysis of samples, minerial components of soils, chemical components of water and ice, and X ray diffraction determination, the authors reconstructed the palaeoclimate changes in the Qingshui River region since Late Pleistocene,and analyzed the processes of its permafrost evolution.In the primary stage during the Late Pleistocene, the periglacial climate was dominant in this region; in the middle stage the climate became warmer with semiarid steppe environment, i. e. the interglaciation period; and in the last stage the climate turned gradually into more severe cold and aridity. During the last stage,permafrost formed and grew thicker and thicker. Under periglacial climatic background, the climate experinced some fluctuation since Holocene, and it may be divided into five stages as follows: Transitional period (10,000-8,000 y. B.P.), warm period (8,000-3,000 y. B. P.), cold period (3,000-2,000 y. B. P.), warm turning period(2,000-500 y.B. P.), and litte ice age (500 y. B. P.-end of the 19th century). Through all the stages, the distribution and thickness of permafrost changed correspondingly.