关键词: 冻土, 冻土模型, 冻土参数化, 陆面过程, 综述

Abstract: Modeling the interaction between frozen soil and climatic system is a major focus in the field of geocryology. It is also a concern of scientists to understand the responses of frozen soil to global warming. First, different kinds of frozen soil models developed in the last decade are reviewed in this paper. The physical models based on heat transfer are suitable for engineering calculation. However, when they are applied to environmental modeling, obstruction may occur for the difficult in initialization and parameterization, because they have very fine resolution and need many parameters. GIS aided models are usually empirically based; they need few parameters. Therefore, they are easy to be used for frozen soil mapping. Then, methods of frozen soil parameterization for land surface schemes were reviewed. There is insufficient attention paid to this parameterization until recent years. Most of the literatures appeared in the later 1990’s. These parameterization are different one another. To sum up, the parameterization can be assorted into three categories. The first category only accounts for the hydraulic and thermal properties of frozen soil. The second category calculates ice production rate based on the consumed/released heat and the potential consumed/released heat in a unit volume of soil. The third kind of frozen soil parameterization uses soil matric potential to define maximum liquid water content when soil temperature is below the freezing point. In the third category, liquid water content is a function of soil matrix potential and any additional water is ice.

Key words: frozen soil, frozen soil model, frozen soil parameterization, land surface model, review