1961-2016年乌鲁木齐河流域气温和降水垂直梯度变化研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0066

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆乌鲁木齐河流域高山区和平原区气候条件差异较大，对该流域气温和降水垂直梯度变化的研究，有利于了解不同地理要素之间的作用过程。利用乌鲁木齐河流域6个气象观测站数据，分析研究了气温和降水的变化趋势、气温和降水及其倾向率与海拔的关系，以及不同月份气温和降水随海拔的变化特征。结果表明：1961-2016年间，乌鲁木齐河流域气温和降水总体呈上升趋势，其中乌鲁木齐站气温和降水倾向率分别为0.189℃·（10a）^-1和28.83 mm·（10a）^-1，大西沟站气温和降水倾向率分别为0.268℃·（10a）^-1和18.85 mm·（10a）^-1；气温和降水与海拔关系密切，随海拔降低气温逐渐升高，而降水呈减少趋势；高海拔区气温升温倾向率总体大于低海拔区，降水倾向率随高度增加而明显增加；月气温变化速率随海拔升高呈“钟”形分布，并在5-8月达到最大；月降水变化速率随海拔变化表现为下降~上升~下降~上升，并在5-8月达到峰值。

关键词: 乌鲁木齐河流域, 气候变化, 梯度变化, 气温, 降水

Abstract: There are great differences in climate change between high mountains and plains in the Vrümqi River basin of Xinjiang. Researching the vertical gradient variations of air temperature and precipitation in this regions may be useful for knowing the interaction process among various geographical factors. Based on the observation in the Vrümqi River basin, the change trend of air temperature and precipitation, the relationship between air temperature, precipitation and its inclination rates with altitude are analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the air temperature and precipitation had increased from 1961 through 2016. The inclination rates of air temperature and precipitation in Daxigou Station were 0.189℃·(10a)^-1 and 28.83 mm·(10a)^-1, respectively, and those in Vrümqi Station were 0.268℃·(10a)^-1 and 18.85 mm·(10a)^-1, respectively. Air temperature and precipitation have close relationship with altitude; air temperature gradually increases and precipitation decreases as elevation decreasing. The inclination rate of air temperature in high altitude is larger than that in lower elevation, while it is reverse for that of precipitation. The curve of monthly air temperature inclination rate varying with elevation shows down~up~down~up, with a peak during ablation period. The value of precipitation inclination rate shows slightly descending~dramatically ascending~dramatically descending~slightly ascending, and reaching the maximum in summer.

Key words: Vrümqi River basin, climate change, gradient change, air temperature, precipitation

中图分类号:

P467

李开明, 钟晓菲, 姜烨, 李佳宁, 李林凤, 周平. 1961-2016年乌鲁木齐河流域气温和降水垂直梯度变化研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 607-615.

LI Kaiming, ZHONG Xiaofei, JIANG Ye, LI Jianing, LI Linfeng, ZHOU Ping. Study on vertical gradient change of air temperature and precipitation in Vrümqi River basin during 1961-2016[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2018, 40(3): 607-615.

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