唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川流域河水总溶解固体和悬移质的变化特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0304

冰川冻土 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 993-1003.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0304

唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川流域河水总溶解固体和悬移质的变化特征

蒲红铮^1,5, 韩添丁², 丁永建^1,5, 李向应³, 何晓波¹, 王建⁴

1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
3. 河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210000;
4. 盐城师范学院城市与规划学院, 江苏盐城 224007;
5. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2017-10-16 修回日期:2018-02-11 出版日期:2018-10-25 发布日期:2018-12-10
通讯作者: 韩添丁,E-mail:tdhan@lzb.ac.cn. E-mail:tdhan@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:蒲红铮(1988-),女,四川南充人,2015年在中国科学院大学获硕士学位,现为中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院在读博士研究生,从事冰川水文水化学的研究.E-mail:puhongzheng@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41771040；41671053；91647102；41471060；41471001）；国家自然科学基金重点基金（41730751）；中国科学院重点部署项目（KJZD-EW-G03-04）资助

The changing features of total dissolved solids and suspended sediment in the Dongkemadi Glacier catchment, Tanggula Mountains

PU Hongzheng^1,5, HAN Tianding², DING Yongjian^1,5, LI Xiangying³, HE Xiaobo¹, WANG Jian⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering/College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
4. School of Urban and Planning, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, Jiangsu, China;
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2017-10-16 Revised:2018-02-11 Online:2018-10-25 Published:2018-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过2013年6-9月对唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川流域河水的逐日定时样品采集，并结合流域水文与气象资料，对径流的总溶解固体（TDS）和悬移质的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：2013年消融期的平均气温为3.7℃，消融期降水量为546 mm，7月和8月两个月径流量占消融期总径流量的63%。消融期逐日的TDS变化范围为31~140 mg·L^-1，平均值为60 mg·L^-1，TDS随径流变化显著，表现为消融强烈时（7-8月） TDS浓度较低，消融初期（6月）和末期（9月）时TDS浓度较高；径流中TDS与悬移质浓度（SSC）变化表现出相反变化趋势，即消融强烈时悬移质浓度较高，而消融初期与末期悬移质浓度较低，消融期平均悬移质浓度为122.8 mg·L^-1，流量-SSC时序关系表现为以顺时针滞后事件为主。2013年冬克玛底冰川流域消融期的化学侵蚀总量和物理侵蚀总量分别为2.214×10³ t和6.722×10³ t，化学侵蚀与物理侵蚀率的比值为0.33。

关键词: 总溶解固体, 悬移质, 径流, 冬克玛底冰川流域, 唐古拉山

Abstract: The delivery of total dissolved solids (TDS) and suspended sediment by river water to downstream ecosystem represents an important pathway in the geochemical cycle, a key component of the exfoliation system and an important index of land degradation. In order to understand the TDS and suspended sediment transport variation with air temperature and precipitation in the Dongkemadi Glacier catchment of the Tibetan Plateau and determine its relationship with discharge, daily discharge, total dissolved solids and suspended sediment samples were collected and analyzed from June to September in 2013. It was discovered that the mean air temperature was 3.7℃ and precipitation was 546 mm during the ablation season in 2013. The total runoff during July and August accounted for 63% of that in the ablation season of 2013. Daily mean TDS in the stream ranged from 31 to 140 mg·L^-1, with a mean value of 60 mg·L^-1. The mean daily suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) for the entire sampling period was computed to be 122.8 mg·L^-1. The change of discharge and SSC in runoff showed an opposite trend. While there was a significant negative correlation between TDS and suspended sediment. At the beginning and the end of the ablation period TDS was higher, while it was lower at the middle of the ablation period. The total TDS load for the observing season was computed to be 2.214×10³ tones. The total suspended sediment load for the observing season was computed to be 6.722×10³ tones. The ratio of chemical to physical loads for gauging sites in the Dongkemadi Glacier catchment was 0.33. This study will be useful for understanding the relation between TDS and SSC and discharge with daily data in summer in the high elevation cold regions of the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended sediment concentration (SSC), runoff, the Dongkemadi Glacier catchment, Tanggula Mountains

中图分类号:

P343.6

蒲红铮, 韩添丁, 丁永建, 李向应, 何晓波, 王建. 唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川流域河水总溶解固体和悬移质的变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 993-1003.

PU Hongzheng, HAN Tianding, DING Yongjian, LI Xiangying, HE Xiaobo, WANG Jian. The changing features of total dissolved solids and suspended sediment in the Dongkemadi Glacier catchment, Tanggula Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2018, 40(5): 993-1003.

参考文献

[1] Qiu J. China:the third pole[J]. Nature News, 2008, 454(7203):393-396.
[2] Yao Tandong, Liu Shiyin, Pu Jianchen, et al. Recent glacier retreat in High Asia in China and its impact on water resource in Northwest China[J]. Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences, 2004, 47(12):1065-1075.[姚檀栋, 刘时银, 蒲健辰, 等. 高亚洲冰川的近期退缩及其对西北水资源的影响[J]. 中国科学:D辑地球科学, 2004, 34(6):535-543.]
[3] Zheng Du, Zhao Dongsheng. Characteristics of natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science and Technology Review, 2017, 35(6):13-22.[郑度, 赵东升. 青藏高原的自然环境特征[J]. 科技导报, 2017, 35(6):13-22.]
[4] Wang Jiasheng, Chen Li, Fan Beilin,et al. Relationship between ion transport and sediment discharge in river[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2009, 20(5):658-662.[王家生, 陈立, 范北林, 等. 河流水化学特性与流域泥沙输移的相关性研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2009, 20(5):658-662.]
[5] Li Jingying, Zhang Jing. Natural controls of fluvial denudation rates in major drainage basins of China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2003, 23(4):434-440.[李晶莹, 张经. 中国主要流域盆地风化剥蚀率的控制因素[J]. 地理科学, 2003, 23(4):434-440.]
[6] Srivastava D, Kumar A, Verma A, et al. Characterization of suspended sediment in meltwater from glaciers of Garhwal Himalaya[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2014, 28(3):969-979.
[7] Hodson A, Porter P, Lowe A, et al. Chemical denudation and silicate weathering in Himalayan glacier basins:Batura Glacier, Pakistan[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2002, 262(1):193-208.
[8] Singh A K, Hasnain S I. Aspects of weathering and solute acquisition processes controlling chemistry of sub-Alpine proglacial streams of Garhwal Himalaya, India[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2002, 16(16):835-849.
[9] Chen C N, Tsai C H, Tsai C T. Simulation of runoff and suspended sediment transport rate in a basin with multiple watersheds[J]. Water Resources Management, 2011, 25(3):793-816.
[10] Sheng Wenkun, Wang Ninglian, Pu Jianchen. The hydrochemical characteristics in the Dongkemadi Glacier area, Tanggula range[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1996, 18(3):235-243.[盛文坤, 王宁练, 蒲健辰. 唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川作用区的水化学特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 1996, 18(3):235-243.]
[11] Wang Jian, Aihemaiti Aximu, Ding Yongjian, et al. Variations of pH value and electrical conductivity in the Dongkemadi basin, Tanggula range[J]. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(10):2301-2306.[王建, 艾合麦提·阿西木, 丁永建, 等. 唐古拉冬克玛底冰川流域pH值和电导率分析[J]. 环境科学, 2007, 28(10):2301-2306.]
[12] Jiao Keqin, Shen Yongping. The Quaternary glaciations and glacier properties in the Tanggula range[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25(1):34-42.[焦克勤, 沈永平. 唐古拉山地区第四纪冰川作用与冰川特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(1):34-42.]
[13] Liu Shiying, Yao Xiaojun, Guo Wangqin, et al. The contemporary glacier in China based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(1):3-16.[刘时银, 姚晓军, 郭万钦, 等. 基于第二次冰川编目的中国冰川现状[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(1):3-16.]
[14] Zhang Jian, He Xiaobo, Ye Baisheng, et al. Recent variation of mass balance of the Xiao Dongkemadi glacier in the Tanggula range and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(2):263-271.[张健, 何晓波, 叶柏生, 等. 近期小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡变化及其影响因素分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(2):263-271.]
[15] Wischmeier W H. A rainfall erosion index for a universal soil-loss equation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1959, 23(3):246-249.
[16] Zhang Wenbo, Xie Yun, Liu Baoyuan. Spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in China[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2003, 21(1):33-40.[章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元. 中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J]. 山地学报, 2003, 21(1):33-40.]
[17] Jiao Keqin, Ye Baisheng, Han Tianding, et al. Response of runoff to climate change in the Glacier No.1 at the headwater of Ürümqi River, Tianshan Mountains during 1980-2006[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(3):606-611.[焦克勤, 叶柏生, 韩添丁, 等. 天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川径流对气候变化的响应分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(3):606-611.]
[18] Sun Meiping, Li Zhongqin, Yao Xiaojun, et al. Analysis on runoff variation of Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the Ürümqi River from 1959-2008[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(4):650-660.[孙美平, 李忠勤, 姚晓军, 等. 1959-2008年乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川融水径流变化及其原因[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(4):650-660.]
[19] Han Tianding, Ye Baisheng, Li Xiangying, et al. Variations of conductivity and TDS of the runoff at the headwaters of the Ürümqi River, Tianshan Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2009, 31(4):759-765.[韩添丁, 叶柏生, 李向应, 等. 乌鲁木齐河源径流电导率和TDS的变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2009, 31(4):759-765.]
[20] Qin J, Huh Y, Edmond J M, et al. Chemical and physical weathering in the Min Jiang, a headwater tributary of the Yangtze River[J]. Chemical Geology, 2006, 227(1):53-69.
[21] Tao Zhen, Gao Quanzhou, Yao Guanrong, et al. The sources, seasonal variation and transported fluxes of the riverine particulate organic carbon of the Zengjiang River, Southern China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(5):789-795.[陶贞, 高全洲, 姚冠荣, 等. 增江流域河流颗粒有机碳的来源、含量变化及输出通量[J]. 环境科学学报, 2004, 24(5):789-795.]
[22] Ye Baisheng, Yang Daqing, Jiao Keqin, et al. The Ürümqi River source Glacier No.1, Tianshan, China:changes over the past 45 years[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2005, 32(21):154-164.
[23] Mu Xingmin, Zhang Xiuqin, Gao Peng, et al. Theory of double mass curves and its applications in hydrology and meteorology[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2010, 30(4):47-51.[穆兴民, 张秀勤, 高鹏, 等. 双累积曲线方法理论及在水文气象领域应用中应注意的问题[J]. 水文, 2010, 30(4):47-51.]
[24] Gaillardet J, Dupré B, Allègre C J. A global geochemical mass budget applied to the Congo basin rivers:erosion rates and continental crust composition[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 1995, 59(17):3469-3485.
[25] Singh O, Sharma M C, Sarangi A, et al. Spatial and temporal variability of sediment and dissolved loads from two alpine watersheds of the Lesser Himalayas[J]. Catena, 2009, 76(1):27-35.
[26] Gao Wenhua, Gao Shu, Li Zhongqin, et al. Suspended sediment and total dissolved solid yield patterns at the headwaters of Ürümqi River, northwestern China:a comparison between glacial and non-glacial catchments[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2015, 28(19):5034-5047.

唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川流域河水总溶解固体和悬移质的变化特征

The changing features of total dissolved solids and suspended sediment in the Dongkemadi Glacier catchment, Tanggula Mountains

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 10

[1]	李万志, 刘玮, 张调风, 时兴合. 气候和人类活动对黄河源区径流量变化的贡献率研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 985-992.
[2]	马珊, 夏敦胜, 李忠勤, 周平, 张昕, 周茜, 王家鑫. 沙尘暴对天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川环境的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(4): 685-694.
[3]	王淑红, 张钰, 王大超, 路贺, 杜丽芳. 1956-2016年渭河支流葫芦河流域径流及降水的年际变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(2): 370-377.
[4]	李玉平, 韩添丁, 沈永平, 蒲红铮. 天山南坡清水河与阿拉沟流域径流变化特征及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(1): 127-135.
[5]	文广超, 王文科, 段磊, 李一鸣, 赵佳辉. 青海柴达木盆地巴音河上游径流量对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(1): 136-144.
[6]	黄维东, 牛最荣, 李计生, 王毓森. 渭河源区典型小流域水沙演变规律分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(4): 884-891.
[7]	向燕芸, 王志成, 张辉, 陈亚宁. 干旱区融雪径流模拟的研究进展与展望[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(4): 892-901.
[8]	李育鸿, 李计生, 孙超, 黄晨璐. 甘肃河西石羊河流域出山径流分析及来水预测[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(3): 651-659.
[9]	阮宏威, 邹松兵, 陆志翔, 杨大文, 熊喆, 尹振良. 耦合SWAT与RIEMS模拟黑河干流山区径流[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(2): 384-394.
[10]	程建忠, 陆志翔, 邹松兵, 程雯嘉. 黑河干流上中游径流变化及其原因分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(1): 123-129.
[11]	张晓鹏, 秦翔, 吴锦奎, 陈记祖, 王强, 杜文涛, 刘宇硕. 祁连山老虎沟流域强消融期径流对气候变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(1): 148-155.
[12]	周旻霈, 余钟波, 李向应, 高奕燕. 融水径流分割研究回顾及展望[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(1): 156-164.
[13]	王荣军, 刘时银, 王睿, 宋苗. 天山北坡降雨补给型河流径流变化特征及其影响因子分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5): 1353-1361.
[14]	刘佳, 陈超, 秦宁生, 李小兰, 赖江, 郭斌. 青藏高原若尔盖生态区水资源对气候变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(2): 498-508.
[15]	代稳, 吕殿青, 李景保, 王金凤. 气候变化和人类活动对长江中游径流量变化影响分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(2): 488-497.