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冰川冻土 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 757-766.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0085

• 寒旱区水文与水资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

渭河流域上游枯水径流特征与机理分析

张钰, 陶嗣廉, 石婕, 马德禛, 刘国华   

  1. 兰州大学 资源环境学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-25 修回日期:2015-05-23 出版日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2015-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 陶嗣廉, E-mail: taosl12@lzu.edu.cn. E-mail:taosl12@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张钰(1963-), 甘肃华亭人, 副教授, 2007年于中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所获博士学位, 主要从事水资源规划、论证、评价和水土保持方面的研究. E-mail: gszhangyu@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41271092)资助

Features and mechanisms of low flow runoff in the upper reaches of the Weihe River

ZHANG Yu, TAO Silian, SHI Jie, MA Dezhen, LIU Guohua   

  1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2015-01-25 Revised:2015-05-23 Online:2015-06-25 Published:2015-09-29

摘要: 选取渭河干流及上游主要支流葫芦河、牛头河、藉河的秦安、社棠、天水、武山和北道5个水文站1956-2005年50 a逐月径流资料(社棠从1959年开始共47 a资料), 利用传统概率统计法和时间序列分析法, 对渭河流域葫芦河、牛头河、藉河3条支流和渭河干流的年最小枯水流量特征、月最小流量特征、枯水发生时间进行了分析, 并从气象及人类活动两方面分析了枯水径流及极值的形成机理. 研究表明: 渭河流域上游年平均流量与多年平均最小流量的倍比较大, 且下垫面越复杂, 人类活动越频繁, 最小流量受到的影响越大; 最小月平均流量相比瞬时最小流量更为稳定; 耕地面积与枯水径流呈负相关关系, 不同时期、不同量级的枯水流量随着耕地面积的增大而减小.

关键词: 渭河流域, 枯水径流, 特征, 机理

Abstract: Based on the monthly runoff data from Qin'an, Shetang, Tianshui, Wushan and Beidao Hydrology Stations of the main stream or main branches (Huluhe River, Niutouhe River and Xihe River) of the Weihe River for 50 years from 1956 to 2005, features of annual minimum low flow runoff, monthly minimum low flow runoff and duration of low flow are analyzed by using traditional probability statistics and time series analysis methods. Furthermore, formation mechanisms of low flow runoff and its extreme value are analyzed from two aspects as meteorology and human activity. The research indicates that annual mean runoff is many times larger than annual mean minimum runoff. The more complicated the underlying surface and the more frequent the human activities, the more percussive the minimum runoff. The minimum monthly mean runoff is more stable than the instant minimum runoff. Agricultural area shows a negative correlation with low flow runoff.

Key words: Weihe River basin, low flow runoff, features, mechanisms

中图分类号: 

  • P333