再论巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式与高大沙山的形成机理

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0087

冰川冻土 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 783-792.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0087

再论巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式与高大沙山的形成机理

丁宏伟¹, 郭瑞², 蓝永超³, 田刚⁴, 康亮¹, 冯建宏²

1. 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 甘肃省地矿局水文地质工程地质勘察院, 甘肃张掖 734000;
3. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃兰州 730000;
4. 甘肃地质工程勘察院重庆分院, 重庆 401120

收稿日期:2014-12-26 修回日期:2015-06-03 出版日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2015-09-29
通讯作者: 蓝永超, E-mail: lyc@lzb.ac.cn. E-mail:lyc@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:丁宏伟(1963-), 男, 四川南充人, 教授级高级工程师, 1989年毕业于中国地质大学, 主要从事水工环地质及水资源与地质灾害的勘查研究. E-mail: zydhw8029@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(91225302);中国科学院重点部署项目(Y322G73001)资助

Study on the supplying resource and mode of lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert and the formation mechanism of megadunes

DING Hongwei¹, GUO Rui², LAN Yongchao³, TIAN Gang⁴, KANG Liang¹, FENG Jianhong²

1. Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Zhangye 73400 Gansu, China;
3. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
4. Geology Engineering Institute of Gansu Province, Chongqing Branch, Chongqing 401120, China

Received:2014-12-26 Revised:2015-06-03 Online:2015-06-25 Published:2015-09-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 依据已有研究成果和最新调查资料, 在综述沙漠湖泊与高大沙山研究进展及存在问题的基础上, 深入探讨了巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式及高大沙山的形成机理. 结果认为, 沙漠湖泊水和地下水的补给来源不是当地降水和周边雅布赖山-北大山的降水形成的地表洪水, 而是南部青藏高原(包括祁连山)现代大气降水、冰雪融水、高原湖水的远源补给. 补给模式为高原富含CO₂气体和CaCO₃的入渗水, 通过深大导水断裂通道形成的区域地下水流循环系统, 源源不断地自南向北运移到沙漠地带, 地下水在通过沙漠湖泊区弧形"叠瓦状"垂向导水构造断裂向上越流过程中被广泛分布的岩浆岩加热, 沿断层溢出地表形成湖泊群, 同时导致水中CO₂的释放和CaCO₃的沉积, 形成钙华体. 高大沙山的形成机理是深层地下热水向上越流补给了沙漠覆盖区, 在承压水头以下形成鼓丘状的沙漠地下水, 承压水头以上, 水蒸汽继续向上运移并被凝结在沙粒表面, 未被吸附凝结的热水蒸汽继续向上运移并被吸附在新沉积的沙粒表面, 形成湿砂层并接受更新的沙粒沉积, 如此反复循环, 则沙丘高度不断增加, 逐步形成高大的固定沙山.

关键词: 沙漠湖泊, 高大沙山, 地热, 地质构造, 巴丹吉林沙漠, 青藏高原

Abstract: Based on the former research results and latest investigation materials, this paper summarizes the research process and existing problems about desert lakes and megadunes and further exploring the supplying resource and mode of the lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert. It comes to a conclusion that the supplying source of both desert lakes and underground water is neither by local precipitation or flood resulting from precipitation on the peripheral Jacob Lai mountains-North mountains, but rather feed by southern Tibet Plateau including Qilian Mountain through atmospheric precipitation, ice thawing and far-source plateau lakes feeding. The supplying mode is the infiltration water rich in CO₂ and CaCO₃ goes through the raptured pipe which forms underground circulation system. It delivers the water continuously from south to the north, desert zone. When the groundwater arriving at the desert lake zone, it will be heated up by the vertical conductive structure shaped like "laid tile" arc which is made from magmatic rock. Then the water overflows from the faults to form lake group, meanwhile it leads to the release of CO₂ and CaCO₃ deposition forming calcium cementation layer. The mechanism of formation of megadunes is that when underground water in deep depth goes upwards to feed the desert covered zone the drum shaped desert underground water is formed beneath artesian head and above the artesian head, water vapor keeps going upwards and stays at the surface of sand particles and the uncoagulated hot vapor continues going upwards and is absorbed by sand particles of new deposited sand to form wet sand receiving renewed sand particles deposition. Thus the circulation repeating leads to the growth of sand dune and finally the megadunes are formed.

Key words: desert lakes, megadunes, geothermy, geological structure, Badain Jaran Desert, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

中图分类号:

P343

丁宏伟, 郭瑞, 蓝永超, 田刚, 康亮, 冯建宏. 再论巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式与高大沙山的形成机理[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(3): 783-792.

DING Hongwei, GUO Rui, LAN Yongchao, TIAN Gang, KANG Liang, FENG Jianhong. Study on the supplying resource and mode of lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert and the formation mechanism of megadunes[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(3): 783-792.

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再论巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式与高大沙山的形成机理

Study on the supplying resource and mode of lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert and the formation mechanism of megadunes

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