沈阳降雪含水比变化特征及其大气影响因子

doi:10.7522/j.isnn.1000-0240.2015.0167

冰川冻土 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1508-1514.doi: 10.7522/j.isnn.1000-0240.2015.0167

沈阳降雪含水比变化特征及其大气影响因子

崔锦^{1 2 3}, 周晓珊¹, 阎琦², 张爱忠³

1. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁沈阳 110166;
2. 辽宁省气象台, 辽宁沈阳 110166;
3. 沈阳军区空军气象中心, 辽宁沈阳 110015

收稿日期:2015-05-29 修回日期:2015-09-15 出版日期:2015-12-25 发布日期:2016-05-11
作者简介:崔锦(1976-),女,吉林柳河人,助理研究员,2005年在南京大学获硕士学位,从事数值天气预报研究.E-mail:cuijin6666@sina.com.
基金资助:
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306049)资助

Snow-to-liquid ratio variation and its atmospheric influence factors in Shenyang

CUI Jin^{1 2 3}, ZHOU Xiaoshan¹, YAN Qi², ZHANG Aizhong³

1. Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China;
2. Liaoning Meteorological Observatory, Shenyang 110166, China;
3. Meteorological Center of Air Force, Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110015, China

Received:2015-05-29 Revised:2015-09-15 Online:2015-12-25 Published:2016-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 降雪含水比是新增积雪深度与融化后等量液体深度的比值, 是冬季雪深预报中的一个重要参数, 一般使用经验值10进行积雪深度换算. 利用1981-2012年沈阳站降水量、积雪深度、气温和风速等观测资料及1999-2012年NCEP再分析资料(1°×1°), 分析了沈阳站32 a降雪含水比的变化特征和大气影响因子. 结果表明: 沈阳站降雪含水比的平均值为11.4, 主要集中在6~12区间变化, 小于4和大于20的极值发生概率相对较低, 极值都出现在12月份, 11月和3月均值接近10, 而其他月份在12左右. 小雪的降雪含水比均值最大为13.3, 其它为10点多. 500 hPa上温度和550 hPa上的风速是沈阳站降水含水比的高空大气影响因子.

关键词: 积雪深度, 降雪含水比, 变化特征, 影响因子

Abstract: Defined as the ratio of the depth of new snowfall to the depth of melted liquid equivalent, snow-to-liquid ratio (SLR) is the most important parameter of forecasting winter snow depth; the empirical rule of 10 was applied to convert the snow depth. Using the observed data from 1981 to 2012 in Shenyang Station and NCEP reanalysis data (1°×1°) from 1999 to 2012, variations of 32-a SLRs and its possible atmospheric influence factors in Shenyang were analyzed. The results show that the mean SLR for 153 snowfall events was 11.4 in Shenyang, mainly changing from 6 to 12, the probability less than 4 or more than 20 was relatively lower, the extreme value occurred in December, and the monthly mean value in November or March closed to 10, while in other month it was about 12. The mean SLR of slight snow was the largest that was 13.3, and for other level snowfall it was more than 10. Diagnosing the relation between SLR of different levels and atmospheric conditions, air temperature and wind speed from 600 hPa to 450 hPa in the middle and upper atmosphere showed that air temperature at 500 hPa and wind speed at 550 hPa were the remarkable upper air influence factors on SLR in Shenyang.

Key words: snow depth, snow to liquid ratio, variation, influence factors

中图分类号:

P426.63+3

崔锦, 周晓珊, 阎琦, 张爱忠. 沈阳降雪含水比变化特征及其大气影响因子[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(6): 1508-1514.

CUI Jin, ZHOU Xiaoshan, YAN Qi, ZHANG Aizhong. Snow-to-liquid ratio variation and its atmospheric influence factors in Shenyang[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(6): 1508-1514.

参考文献

[1] Li Hongmei, Li Lin, Gao Ge, et al. Snow disaster in Qinghai Plateau:risk division and countermeasure[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(3):656-661.[李红梅, 李林, 高歌, 等. 青海高原雪灾风险区划及对策建议[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(3):656-661.]
[2] SHi Xinghe, Wang Zhenyu, Dai Sheng, et al. Climate diagnosis and prediction of winter-spring snow disasters in the Southern Qinghai Province[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(6):1441-1447.[时兴合, 王振宇, 戴升, 等. 青海南部冬春季雪灾的气候诊断与预测[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(6):1441-1447.]
[3] Alcott T I, Steenburgh W J. Snow-to-liquid ratio variability and prediction at a high-elevation site in Utah's Wasatch mountains[J]. Weather and Forecasting, 2010, 25(2):323-337.
[4] Milbrandt J A, Glazer A, Jacob D. Predictiing the snow-to-liquid ratio of surface precipitation using a bulk microphysics scheme[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 2012, 140(8):2461-2476.
[5] Roebber P J, Bruening S L, Schultz D M, et al. Improving snow fall forecasting by diagnosing snow density[J]. Weather and Forecasting, 2003, 18(4):264-287.
[6] Judson A, Doesken N. Density of freshly fallen snow in the central Rocky mountains[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2000, 81(7):1577-1587.
[7] Baxter M B, Graves C E, Moore J T. A Climatology of snow-to-liquid ratio for the contiguous United States[J]. Weather and Forecasting, 2005, 20(10):729-744.
[8] Yao Rong, Ye Chengzhi, Tian Ying, et al. The numerical simulation analysis and causes of snowstorm occurring in Hunan Province, early 2011[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2012, 38(7):848-857.[姚蓉, 叶成志, 田莹, 等. 2011年初湖南暴雪过程的成因和数值模拟分析[J]. 气象, 2012, 38(8):848-857.]
[9] Yi Xiaoyuan, Li Zechun, Zhu Leilei, et al. A case study on dynamic and thermal structures and mechanism of β-mesoscale snowstorm[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2010, 29(2):175-186.[易笑园, 李泽春, 朱磊磊, 等. 一次β-中尺度暴风雪的成因及动力热力结构[J]. 高原气象, 2010, 29(2):175-186.]
[10] Duan Li, Zhang Linna, Wang Guorong, et al. A dynamic diagnosis of the 091031 first snowfall in Beijing with some new intensive soundings[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2011, 37(11):1343-1351.[段丽, 张琳娜, 王国荣, 等. 2009年深秋北京大雪过程的成因分析[J]. 气象, 2011, 37(11):1343-1351.]
[11] Dong Lin, Fu Jiaolan, Zong Zhiping. An analysis of dynamic characteristics of the first snow in winter 2011 in Beijing[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2012, 38(8):913-920.[董林, 符娇兰, 宗志平. 2011年隆冬北京初雪成因分析[J]. 气象, 2012, 38(8):913-920.]
[12] Zhao Guixiang. Application of diagnostic analysis forecast of the heavy snow in Shanxi Province[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2014, 33(3):838-847.[赵桂香. 诊断分析技术在山西强降雪预报中的应用[J]. 高原气象, 2014, 33(3):838-847.]
[13] Wang Xueqiang, Wang Chenghai, Meng Xuefeng, et al. The synoptic characteristics of a snowstorm during winter of 2012 in Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(6):1446-1453.[王学强, 王澄海, 孟雪峰, 等. 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟2012年冬季暴雪过程天气学特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(6):1446-1453.]
[14] Wang Lina, Wang Ruosheng, Li changde. Study of the weather and climatic characteristics of heavy snow events in Pingliang Prefecture of Gansu Province from 1965 to 2012[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(6):1450-1455.[王丽娜, 王若升, 李常德. 1965-2012年甘肃平凉地区大雪天气气候特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(6):1450-1455.]
[15] Liu Yuanpu, Li Suosuo, Lü Shihua, et al. An analysis of the changing characteristics of snowfall in the East Asia based on CMIP5[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(6):1345-1352.[刘媛普, 李锁锁, 吕世华, 等. 基于CMIP5的东亚地区降雪量变化特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(6):1345-1352.]
[16] Xie Jingfang, Zhang Na, Feng Yao. An analysis of influence condition of snow depth and forecast in Jilin[C]//Proceedings of city weather service science, 2001:101-102.[谢静芳, 章娜, 冯瑶. 吉林省积雪深度的影响条件分析及预报[C]//城市气象服务科学讨论会论文集, 2001:101-102.]
[17] Ma Jihui, Li Yuxiang. Research on the forecast method of snow depth and service strategy in Tonghua[J]. Journal of Jilin Meteorology, 2012(5):29-33.[马吉晖, 李玉香. 通化地区积雪深度预报方法研究及服务对策[J]. 吉林气象, 2012(5):29-33.]
[18] Yang Kun, Xue Jianjun. The relationship between snowfall and snow depth using intensive snowfall observations[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2013, 24(3):349-355.[杨琨, 薛建军. 使用加密降雪资料分析降雪量和积雪深度关系[J]. 应用气象学报, 2013, 24(3):349-355.]
[19] Li Dejun, Xiong Shouquan, Liu cao, et al. Droplet spectrum characteristics and depth forecast method of two snowstorms in Northeast of Hubei[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2014, 40(5):612-618.[李德俊, 熊守权, 柳草, 等. 鄂西北两次强降雪的滴谱特征和积雪深度预估方法[J]. 气象, 2014, 40(5):612-618.]
[20] Ma Lijuan, Qin Dahe. Spatioal-temporal characteristics of observed key parameters for snow cover in China during 1957-2009[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(1):1-11.[马丽娟, 秦大河. 1957-2009年中国台站观测的关键积雪参数时空变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(1):1-11.]

沈阳降雪含水比变化特征及其大气影响因子

Snow-to-liquid ratio variation and its atmospheric influence factors in Shenyang

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	路倩, 李宝富, 王志慧, 孙佳瑶, 仝天. 1979-2014年东北地区雪深时空变化与大气环流的关系[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 907-915.
[2]	李玲萍, 刘维成, 杨梅, 李岩瑛. 1971-2015年青藏高原东北边坡降水特征及主要影响因子分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 916-924.
[3]	樊茹霞, 孙俊英, 张璐, 沈小静, 张养梅, 车浩驰, 夏灿. 大气气溶胶密度观测研究进展[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(5): 925-933.
[4]	江远安, 尹宜舟, 樊静, 刘精, 贾孜拉, 余行杰. 1961-2016年新疆单站不同等级冷空气过程气候特征及变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 448-460.
[5]	刘世博, 臧淑英, 张丽娟, 那晓东, 孙丽, 李苗, 张晓闻. 东北冻土区积雪深度时空变化遥感分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(2): 261-269.
[6]	王玥彤, 李栋梁. 中国西南地区冻雨灾害特征分析与评估[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 967-978.
[7]	李虹雨, 马龙, 刘廷玺, 杜艳霞, 刘明. 1951-2014年内蒙古地区气温、降水变化及其关系[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(5): 1098-1112.
[8]	阎琦, 田莉, 李爽, 崔锦. 辽宁区域性冷空气多时间尺度变化特征及影响因子[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(2): 379-387.
[9]	高永刚, 赵慧颖, 高峰, 朱海霞, 曲辉辉, 赵放. 大兴安岭区域未来气候变化趋势及其对湿地的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(1): 47-56.
[10]	哈尚辰, 阿里木江·卡斯木. 基于土地集约利用水平的城市热岛效应影响因子分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(1): 270-278.
[11]	刘敏, 金会军, 罗栋梁, 王庆峰, 金晓颖, 李晓英, 吕兰芝. 青藏高原土壤碳排放研究进展[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(6): 1544-1554.
[12]	李小兰, 姜逢清, 王少平, 王蕾, 穆叶赛尔·吐地, 张兆永, 张登清. 2011-2013年乌鲁木齐城郊冬季积雪深度与密度空间分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(5): 1168-1177.
[13]	任艳群, 刘海隆, 包安明, 刘金平. 基于SSM/I和MODIS数据的天山山区积雪深度时空特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(5): 1178-1187.
[14]	周晓宇, 赵春雨, 王颖, 崔妍, 张新宜, 胡春丽, 林蓉. 1961-2012年辽宁省极端气温事件气候变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(4): 876-887.
[15]	杜宜臻, 李韧, 吴通华, 谢昌卫, 肖瑶, 胡国杰, 王田野. 土壤热导率的研究现状及其进展[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(4): 1067-1074.