冻融交替对不同年代排水造林湿地土壤微生物活性及有机碳密度的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以小兴安岭湿地土壤为研究对象，基于室内分析和冻融实验，分析了冻融作用下不同年代排水造林湿地土壤微生物量、酶活性以及有机碳密度的变化趋势，探讨了不同年代排水造林湿地土壤微生物活性与有机碳密度之间的相关关系，以期为深入认识冻融期间高寒高纬度地区土壤碳循环过程提供参考依据。结果表明：（1）冻融次数对土壤微生物量碳、氮含量影响显著（P<0.05），经历9次冻融循环后，土壤微生物量碳、氮含量比冻融前明显减少；在三种不同年代排水造林的湿地中，排水时间越短，土壤微生物量碳、氮含量下降幅度越大，表明长时间的反复冻融交替可能导致土壤微生物量的进一步减少。（2）冻融前后，土壤蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性均表现为下降趋势，且多次冻融交替后，-25~5℃冻融处理比-5~5℃冻融处理酶活性更低，表明较大的冻融温差更能降低土壤酶的活性度。（3）随着冻融次数和冻融温度的变化，四种湿地的土壤有机碳密度基本保持稳定，但其与土壤微生物量、酶活性却存在着高度的正相关性，通过探究微生物活性所调控的土壤过程，可以直接或间接了解土壤有机碳密度的变化趋势，便于从本质上验证其响应机制。

关键词: 冻融交替, 排水造林, 微生物量, 酶活性, 有机碳

Abstract: Taking the wetland soil in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains as the object, changing trends of soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity and organic carbon density in forest swamp wetland with various drainage afforestation years under different freezing and thawing cycles were analyzed. The relation between soil microbial activity and organic carbon density was investigated in order to reveal the soil carbon cycle process in alpine-cold and high latitude regions during the freezing-thawing season. Freezing-thawing cycles has impacted significantly on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil (P<0.05). After nine freezing-thawing cycles, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil decreased obviously, and the shorter the drainage time, the more the decrease in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil, as showing in three different drainage afforestation wetlands. These reveal that repeated freezing and thawing would result in deeper degree of microbial biomass reduction for a long time. Before and after the freezing and thawing, soil invertase and amylase activities showed a declining trend. Compared to -5 to 5℃, -25 to 5℃ repetitive freezing-thawing treatment could decrease enzyme activity, which suggested that the larger range of freezing and thawing temperature would accelerate the activity reducing. With the change in number of freezing and thawing cycles and temperature, soil organic carbon density in the four wetlands was stable basically, but still remained positive correlations with microbial biomass and enzyme activity. Therefore, studying the regulating process of soil microbial activity is useful to understand, directly or indirectly, the change trend and verify the essential response mechanism of soil organic carbon density.

Key words: freezing-thawing cycle, drainage afforestation, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, organic carbon

中图分类号:

S714

郭冬楠, 臧淑英, 赵光影. 冻融交替对不同年代排水造林湿地土壤微生物活性及有机碳密度的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(1): 175-184.

GUO Dongnan, ZANG Shuying, ZHAO Guangying. Effect of freezing and thawing cycles on soil microbial activity and organic carbon density in forest swamp wetland with various drainage afforestation years[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2017, 39(1): 175-184.

参考文献

[1] Margesin R, Jud M, Tscherko D, et al. Microbial communities and activities in alpine and subalpine soils[J]. Microbiological Ecology, 2009, 67(2):208-218.
[2] Shao Yuqin, Ao Xiaolan, Song Guobao, et al. Soil microbial biomass in degenerated and recovered grasslands of Huangfuchuan watershed[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(5):578-580.[邵玉琴, 敖晓兰, 宋国宝, 等. 皇甫川流域退化草地和恢复草地土壤微生物生物量的研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(5):578-580.]
[3] Wan Zhongmei, Song Changchun, Guo Yuedong, et al. Effects of water gradient on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(12):5980-5986.[万忠梅, 宋长春, 郭跃东, 等. 毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(12):5980-5986.]
[4] Sharma S, Szele Z, Schilling R, et al. Influence of freeze-thaw stress on the structure and function of microbial communities and denitrifying populations in soil[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72(3):2148-2154.
[5] Wang J Y, Song C C, Hou A X, et al. Effects of freezing-thawing cycle on peatland active organic carbon fractions and enzyme activities in the Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 72(6):1853-1860.
[6] Chang Zongqiang, Ma Yali, Liu Wei, et al. Effect of soil freezing and thawing on the carbon and nitrogen in forest soil in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(1):200-206.[常宗强, 马亚丽, 刘蔚, 等. 土壤冻融过程对祁连山森林土壤碳氮的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1):200-206.]
[7] Yu Lili, Mu Changcheng, Gu Han, et al. Effects of fire disturbance on greanhouse gas emission from Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii forested wetlands in Xiao Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(18):5180-5191.[于丽丽, 牟长城, 顾韩, 等. 火干扰对小兴安岭落叶松-苔草沼泽温室气体排放的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(18):5180-5191.]
[8] Zhou Wenchang, Mu Changcheng, Liu Xia, et al. Effects of fire disturbance on litter mass and soil carbon storage of Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii swamps in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Northeast China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(20):6387-6395.[周文昌, 牟长城, 刘夏, 等. 火干扰对小兴安岭白桦沼泽和落叶松-苔草沼泽凋落物和土壤碳储量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(20):6387-6395.]
[9] Lu Huicui, Mu Changcheng, Wang Biao, et al. Effects of harvesting on soil organic carbon storage of boreal Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii wetlands in Daxing'anling[J]. Forest Research, 2013, 26(4):459-466.[卢慧翠, 牟长城, 王彪, 等. 采伐对大兴安岭落叶松-苔草沼泽土壤有机碳储量的影响[J]. 林业科学研究, 2013, 26(4):459-466.]
[10] Xi Min, Kong Fanlong, Lü Xianguo. Study on content and distribution of sediment DOC for ditches in different land-use types in Sanjiang Plain[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 22(3):132-135.[郗敏, 孔范龙, 吕宪国. 三江平原不同土地利用方式下沟渠沉积物可溶性有机碳含量和分布[J]. 水土保持学报, 2008, 22(3):132-135.]
[11] Liu Shuyuan, Liu Yuexiu, Ye Jinsheng, et al. Soil organic carbon density of eucalyptus plantations in Guangdong Province of China and related affecting factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(8):1981-1985.[刘姝媛, 刘月秀, 叶金盛, 等. 广东省桉树人工林土壤有机碳密度及其影响因子[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(8):1981-1985.]
[12] Mu Changcheng, Shi Lanying, Sun Xiaoxin. Fluxes and controls of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O in a marsh wetland of Xiaoxing'an Mountains, Northeastern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(3):617-623.[牟长城, 石兰英, 孙晓新. 小兴安岭典型草丛沼泽湿地CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的排放动态及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(3):617-623.]
[13] Zhou Wangming, Wang Jinda, Liu Jingshuang, et al. Effects of freezing and thawing on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen pool and nitrogen mineralization in typical wetland soils from Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2008, 24(3):1-6.[周旺明, 王金达, 刘景双, 等. 冻融对湿地土壤可溶性碳、氮和氮矿化的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2008, 24(3):1-6.]
[14] Schwartz D, Namri M. Mapping the total organic carbon in the soils of the Congo[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2002, 33(1):77-93.
[15] Zang Yifei, Hao Mingde, Zhang Liqiong, et al. Effects of wheat cultivation and fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil basal respiration in 26 years[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(5):1445-1451.[臧逸飞, 郝明德, 张丽琼, 等. 26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(5):1445-1451.]
[16] Wan Zhongmei, Song Changchun. Seasonal dynamics of soil enzyme activities under Calamagrostis angustzfolia marsh in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 19(5):1215-1220.[万忠梅, 宋长春. 三江平原小叶樟湿地土壤酶活性的季节动态[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(5):1215-1220.]
[17] Xie Xianli, Sun Bo, Zhou Huizhen, et al. Organic carbon density and storage in soils of China and spatial analysis[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004, 41(1):35-43.[解宪丽, 孙波, 周慧珍, 等. 中国土壤有机碳密度和储量的估算与空间分布分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(1):35-43.]
[18] Jia Xia, Zhao Yonghua, Han Shijie. Effects of elevated CO₂on soil microbes[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(3):443-448.[贾夏, 赵咏华, 韩士杰. 全球大气CO₂浓度升高对土壤微生物的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(3):443-448.]
[19] Grogan P, Michelsen A, Ambus P, et al. Freeze-thaw regime effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in sub-arctic heath tundra mesocosms[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004, 36(4):641-654.
[20] Tan Bo, Wu Fuzhong, Qin Jiali, et al. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014, 23(8):1265-1271.[谭波, 吴福忠, 秦嘉励, 等. 川西亚高山、高山森林土壤微生物生物量和酶活性动态特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2014, 23(8):1265-1271.]
[21] Vorobyova E, Soina V, Gorlenko M, et al. The deep cold biosphere:facts and hypothesis[J]. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 1997, 20(3):277-290.
[22] Zhao Xianbo, Liu Tiejun, Xu Shiguo, et al. Freezing-thawing process and soil moisture migration within the black soil plow layer in seasonally frozen ground regions[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(1):233-240.[赵显波, 刘铁军, 许士国, 等. 季节冻土区黑土耕层土壤冻融过程及水分变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(1):233-240.]
[23] Wang Shuping, Zhou Guangsheng, Sun Changzhan, et al. The dynamics of soil microbial biomass nitrogen and its biological availability[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2003, 9(1):87-90.[王淑平, 周广胜, 孙长占, 等. 土壤微生物量氮的动态及其生物有效性研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2003, 9(1):87-90.]
[24] Xu Junjun. Effects of freezing and thawing alternation on soil nitrogen pool in the alpine meadow[D]. Chengdu:Sichuan Agriculture University, 2010.[徐俊俊. 冻融交替对高山草甸土壤氮素的影响[D]. 成都:四川农业大学, 2010.]
[25] Li Shuxun, Nan Zhuotong, Zhao Lin. Impact of freezing and thawing on energy exchange between the system and environment[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002, 24(2):109-115.[李述训, 南卓铜, 赵林. 冻融作用对系统与环境间能量交换的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 24(2):109-115.]
[26] Xie Huanhuan, Ma Wenying, Zhao Chuanyan, et al. Research of the soil respiration and its components in subalpine grassland in the middle section of the Qilian Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(3):653-661.[解欢欢, 马文瑛, 赵传燕, 等. 祁连山中部亚高山草地土壤呼吸及其组分研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(3):653-661.]
[27] Yu Sheng. Effects of seasonal freeze-thaw on soil enzyme activities in the subalpine forest[D]. Chengdu:Sichuan Agriculture University, 2010.[余胜. 季节性冻融对亚高山森林土壤酶活性的影响[D]. 成都:四川农业大学, 2010.]
[28] Shi W, Dell E, Bowman D, et al. Soil enzyme activities and organic matter composition in a turfgrass chronosequence[J]. Plant and Soil, 2006, 288(1):285-296.
[29] Wang Zhan, Zhang Yulong, Zhang Liang, et al. Effect of freeze-thawing frequency and soil water content on total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon of burozem[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2012, 31(10):1972-1975.[王展, 张玉龙, 张良, 等. 冻融次数和含水量对棕壤总有机碳和可溶性有机碳的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(10):1972-1975.]
[30] Liu Wanqiu, Zhang Wei, Liu Guangxiu, et al. The changing characteristics and influencing factors of the microbial biomass under shrub of Tamarix in Shandong coastal saline-alkali soil[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(2):522-527.[刘万秋, 张威, 刘光琇, 等. 山东滨海盐碱地柽柳林下微生物量变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(2):522-527.]
[31] Saha S K, Nair P K, Nair V D, et al. Soil carbon stock in relation to plant diversity of homegardens in Kerala, India[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2009, 76(1):53-65.
[32] Cui Wei. Effects of afforestition in drained wetland on carbon storage of wetland ecosystem in Daxing'an Mountain in China[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University, 2013.[崔巍. 排水造林对大兴安岭湿地生态系统碳储量的影响[D]. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2013.]
[33] Yang Wanqin, Wang Kaiyun. Advances in forest soil enzymology[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(2):153-158.[杨万勤, 王开运. 森林土壤酶的研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40(2):153-158.]
[34] Abbott L K, Murphy D V. Soil biological fertility[M]. Dordrecht, the Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2003:1-24.