呼伦贝尔市2016年3月31日-4月2日暴雪过程天气学特征研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0055

冰川冻土 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 501-510.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0055

呼伦贝尔市2016年3月31日-4月2日暴雪过程天气学特征研究

王洪丽¹, 付亚男¹, 孟雪峰², 隋沆锐¹, 王颖¹

1. 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局, 内蒙古海拉尔 021008;
2. 内蒙古气象局, 内蒙古呼和浩特 015000

收稿日期:2017-08-15 修回日期:2017-12-11 出版日期:2018-06-25 发布日期:2018-07-16
作者简介:王洪丽(1972-),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,高级工程师,2005年7月在南京信息工程大学获学士学位,从事天气预报相关研究.E-mail:316454501@qq.com.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41265004）；内蒙古暴雪创新专家团队项目；内蒙古自治区气象局业务项目“呼伦贝尔市气候监测服务系统”（nmqxkjcx201827）资助

Study on the synoptic characteristics of snowstorm in Hulunbuir from March 31 to April 2nd, 2016

WANG Hongli¹, FU Yanan¹, MENG Xuefeng², SUI Hangrui¹, WANG Ying¹

1. Hulunbuir Municipal Meteorological Bureau, Hailar 021008, Inner Mongolia, China;
2. Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot 015000, China

Received:2017-08-15 Revised:2017-12-11 Online:2018-06-25 Published:2018-07-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用常规观测资料及NCEP 1.0°×1.0°再分析资料，对2016年3月31日至4月2日发生于呼伦贝尔市的一次暴雪天气过程的环流形势、成因机制进行分析，以期总结出此次暴雪的特殊之处，为今后的暴雪天气预报提供可参考的经验。从天气学角度详细地分析此次暴雪过程的高低空影响系统的生消演变，特别对产生极端降水的水汽输送条件、水汽辐合情况、局地水汽聚集以及垂直运动情况进行详尽的分析。研究结果表明：此次暴雪天气过程是由短波扰动叠加低空锋区，导致斜压有效位能释放转变为扰动动能，并促使扰动发展加深为大型涡动而产生；水汽通量分布形态在一定程度上决定了水汽输送效果，“均匀狭长”的分布形态具有更高的水汽输送效率；涡度差动平流与温度平流表明动力因子与热力因子在本次过程中对垂直运动均有显著贡献，而水平散度作为直接反映质量汇集、流失的参量可以更为直观地反映垂直运动的强弱与分布；整层水汽通量散度积分作为与降水强度直接相关的物理量，对于降水量级的反映异常精准，配合中低空气流强度与方向，可对降水落区与时段进行精确判断。

关键词: 暴雪, 诊断分析, 水汽通量, 垂直速度, 水汽通量散度

Abstract: In order to summarize the special characteristics of snowstorm and to make snowstorm forecast, the circulation situation and genetic mechanisms of a snowstorm weather process from March 31 to April 2nd, 2016, in Hulunbuir were analyzed using conventional observation data and NCEP 1.0°×1.0°reanalysis data. A detail analysis was done of the development of the impact systems in high and low altitude, especially, the water vapor transport conditions, water vapor convergence, local water vapor accumulation and vertical motion in the case of extreme precipitation from the perspective of synoptic meteorology. It was found that the snowstorm was confined by short wave perturbation superposed low altitude frontal zone, resulting in the release of baroclinic effective potential energy into perturbation kinetic energy and causing the disturbance to develop into large eddy. Water vapor transport effect was determined by the distribution pattern of specific humidity flux to some extent. The distribution of uniform strip had higher efficiency of transporting water vapor. Eddy differential advection and temperature advection indicated that dynamic factor and thermodynamic factor had significant contribution to vertical motion. While horizontal divergence reflected the intensity and distribution of vertical motion, as a direct parameter of quality accumulation and loss. As a physical quantity directly related to precipitation intensity, the whole layer of specific humidity flux divergence integral accurately reflected precipitation magnitude, and accurately judged the precipitation area and period with low air flow intensity and direction.

Key words: snowstorm, diagnostic analysis, specific humidity flux, vertical velocity, specific humidity flux divergence

中图分类号:

P426.63+4

王洪丽, 付亚男, 孟雪峰, 隋沆锐, 王颖. 呼伦贝尔市2016年3月31日-4月2日暴雪过程天气学特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 501-510.

WANG Hongli, FU Yanan, MENG Xuefeng, SUI Hangrui, WANG Ying. Study on the synoptic characteristics of snowstorm in Hulunbuir from March 31 to April 2nd, 2016[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2018, 40(3): 501-510.

参考文献

[1] Xiao Wangxing, Xiao Cunde, Guo Xiaoyan, et al. Winter and spring snow cover features in Beijing-Zhangjiakou region[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(3):584-595.[肖王星, 效存德, 郭晓寅, 等. 北京-张家口地区冬春季积雪特征分析[J] 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(3):584-595.]
[2] Jiang Wenxuan, Jiala, Xiao Tiangui, et al. Climate change and spatial distribution of winter snowfall over the Tibetan Plateau during 1971-2010[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(5):1211-1218.[蒋文轩, 假拉, 肖天贵, 等. 1971-2010年青藏高原冬季降雪气候变化及空间分布[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(5):1211-1218.]
[3] Li Yuting, Liu Jinbao, Wang Zengwu, et al. Study of spatiotemporal dynamics and climate response of snow cover in Sichuan Province from 2003 to 2012[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2016, 38(6):1491-1500.[李玉婷, 柳锦宝, 王增武, 等. 2003-2012年四川省积雪时空动态变化与气候响应研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2016, 38(6):1491-1500.]
[4] Meng Xuefeng, Sun Yonggang, Jiang Yanfeng. Weather analysis on a disastrous heavy snow in northeast of Inner Mongolia on November 20, 2010[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2012, 38(7):877-883.[孟雪峰, 孙永刚, 姜艳丰. 内蒙古东北部一次至致灾大到暴雪天气分析[J]. 气象, 2012, 38(7):877-883.]
[5] Meng Xuefeng, Sun Yonggang, Jiang Yanfeng, et al. The spoligotyping study on great snow weather in Inner Mongolia[J]. Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia, 2011(3):3-8.[孟雪峰, 孙永刚, 姜艳丰, 等. 内蒙古大雪天气学分型研究[J]. 内蒙古气象, 2011(3):3-8.]
[6] Meng Xuefeng, Sun Yonggang, Yun Jingbo, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heavy snow in Inner Mongolia[J]. Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia, 2011(1):3-6.[孟雪峰, 孙永刚, 云静波, 等. 内蒙古大雪的时空分布特征[J]. 内蒙古气象, 2011(1):3-6.]
[7] Hu Zhongming, Zhou Weican. Case study on the genesis of a snowstorm over the northeast region in China[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2005, 28(5):679-684.[胡中明, 周伟灿. 我国东北地区暴雪形成机理的个例研究[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2005, 28(5):679-684.]
[8] Liu Yulian, Yu Hongmin, Ren Guoyu, et al. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the snow storms in Heilongjiang Province during 1961-2006[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2010, 15(4):470-478.[刘玉莲, 于宏敏, 任国玉, 等. 1961-2006年黑龙江省暴雪气候时空变化特征[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2010, 15(4):470-478.]
[9] Li Dawei, Lu Shuang, Zhang Zifeng, et al. Procedure analysis of hundred-year largest snow in Shenyang City[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(18):8600-8604.[李大为, 路爽, 张子峰, 等. 沈阳市百年最大降雪过程分析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(18):8600-8604.]
[10] Wan Yu, Dou Xinying. Diagnostic analysis of an urban snowstorm process in the middle of Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2013, 29(6):8-14.[万瑜, 窦新英. 新疆中天山一次城市暴雪过程诊断分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(6):8-14.]
[11] Wang Xueqiang, Wang Chenghai, Meng Xuefeng, et al. The synoptic characteristics of a snowstorm during winter of 2012 in Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(6):1446-1453.[王学强, 王澄海, 孟雪峰, 等. 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟2012年冬季暴雪过程天气学特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(6):1446-1453.]
[12] Gong Deji, Li Zhangjun. Low-level jet and heavy snow or snow storms in Inner Mongolia[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 27(12):3-7.[宫德吉, 李彰俊. 低空急流与内蒙古的大(暴)雪[J]. 气象, 2001, 27(12):3-7.]
[13] Jiang Xuegong, Li Zhangjun, Kang Ling, et al. Mesoscale numerical simulation of a heavy snowfall process in northern China[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2006, 25(3):476-484.[姜学恭, 李彰俊, 康玲, 等. 北方一次强降雪过程的中尺度数值模拟[J]. 高原气象, 2006, 25(3):476-484.]
[14] Liu Ningwei, Qi Linlin, Han Jiangwen. The analyses of an unusual snowstorm caused by the north bound vortex over Liaoning Province in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, 33(2):275-284.[刘宁微, 齐琳琳, 韩江文. 北上低涡引发辽宁历史罕见暴雪天气过程的分析[J]. 大气科学, 2009, 33(2):275-284.]
[15] Zhai Liping, Wei Ming. The formation mechanism of atmospheric environment for a heavy snowstorm event[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2012, 32(6):638-645.[翟丽萍, 魏鸣. 一次大范围暴雪天气的大气环境形成机理研究[J]. 气象科学, 2012, 32(6):638-645.]
[16] Gao Yuzhong, Zhou Hailong, Cang Yunqi, et al. Weather analysis and prediction technology of snow storm in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2007, 16(6):25-30.[高玉中, 周海龙, 苍蕴琦, 等. 黑龙江省暴雪天气分析和预报技术[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2007, 16(6):25-30.]
[17] Sun Jisong, Liang Feng, Chen Min, et al. Analysis on serious city traffic trouble caused by light snow[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 27(6):1057-1066.[孙继松, 梁丰, 陈敏, 等. 北京地区一次小雪天气过程造成路面交通严重受阻的成因分析[J]. 大气科学, 2003, 27(6):1057-1066.]
[18] Sun Jianhua, Zhao Sixiong. A numerical simulation of snowfall in North China on 7 December 2001[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2003, 8(4):387-401.[孙建华, 赵思雄. 华北地区"12·7"降雪过程的数值模拟研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2003, 8(4):387-401.]
[19] Zhao Sixiong, Sun Jianhua, Chen Hong, et al. A study on snowfall in Beijing on 7 December 2001[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2002, 7(1):7-21.[赵思雄, 孙建华, 陈红, 等. 北京"12·7"降雪过程的分析研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2002, 7(1):7-21.]

呼伦贝尔市2016年3月31日-4月2日暴雪过程天气学特征研究

Study on the synoptic characteristics of snowstorm in Hulunbuir from March 31 to April 2nd, 2016

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 9

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	胡钰玲, 赵中军, 康彩燕, 康延臻, 王式功, 尚可政. 中国南方2008年与2016年两次低温雨雪冰冻天气过程对比分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2017, 39(6): 1180-1191.
[2]	王学强, 王澄海, 孟雪峰, 孙永刚, 刘志刚. 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟2012年冬季暴雪过程天气学特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(6): 1446-1453.
[3]	丁永红，冯建民，赵蔚，等. 1961——2009年宁夏大到暴雪气候特征和变化规律[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(6): 1399-1406.
[4]	张丽娟;陈红;刘栋;张利;周东颖. 黑龙江省暴雪时空分布特征与发生风险研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(4): 721-728.
[5]	李岩瑛;;张强;孙爱芝;张义海;李玲萍. 祁连山及周边地区降雪气候特征研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2008, 30(3): 383-391.
[6]	文莉娟, 吕世华, 韦志刚, 李锁锁, 李振朝, 高治定, 慕平, 雷鸣, 宋伟华. 南水北调西线引水区与黄河上游降水过程的水汽特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(2): 157-163.
[7]	王宝鉴, 黄玉霞, 陶健红, 李栋梁, 王鹏祥. 西北地区大气水汽的区域分布特征及其变化[J]. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(1): 15-21.
[8]	杨莲梅, 杨涛, 贾丽红, 常涛. 新疆大～暴雪气候特征及其水汽分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2005, 27(3): 389-396.
[9]	王宝鉴, 李栋梁, 黄玉霞, 王劲松. 东亚夏季风异常与西北东部汛期降水的关系分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(5): 563-568.