水资源约束下的阿克苏河流域适宜绿洲规模分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0046

冰川冻土 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 986-992.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0046

• 生态经济与可持续发展 • 上一篇下一篇

水资源约束下的阿克苏河流域适宜绿洲规模分析

王志成¹, 蒋军新¹, 方功焕², 陈忠升³, 蔡明¹, 李卫红²

1. 新疆塔里木河流域阿克苏管理局, 新疆阿克苏 843000;
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
3. 西华师范大学国土资源学院, 四川南充 637009

收稿日期:2018-04-04 修回日期:2018-11-19 出版日期:2019-08-25 发布日期:2019-11-28
通讯作者: 方功焕,E-mail:fanggh@ms.xjb.ac.cn. E-mail:fanggh@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:王志成(1963-),男,新疆库尔勒人,高级工程师,2003年在新疆农业大学获得学士学位,从事干旱区气候变化与水资源管理研究工作.E-mail:wangzc1963@126.com
基金资助:
中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划（2016QNXZB12）；国家自然科学基金项目（41701043；41630859）资助

Analysis on the suitable scale of the Aksu Oasis under the limit of water resources

WANG Zhicheng¹, JIANG Junxin¹, FANG Gonghuan², Chen Zhongsheng³, CAI Ming¹, LI Weihong²

1. Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Aksu Management Bureau, Aksu 843000, Xinjiang, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
3. School of Land and Resources, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China

Received:2018-04-04 Revised:2018-11-19 Online:2019-08-25 Published:2019-11-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 阿克苏绿洲是中纬度干旱区典型的绿洲灌溉系统，制定绿洲适宜发展规模、明确适宜耕地面积，可为实现绿洲的生态稳定与可持续管理提供科学依据。以中国西北干旱区的阿克苏河流域为研究对象，基于作物需水量和绿洲适宜面积模型的水热平衡法，借助典型绿洲结构模型，计算了阿克苏绿洲的适宜耕地面积。结果表明：2010-2015年阿克苏灌区的作物需水量高达740.3 mm，较20世纪60年代的539.6 mm增加了37.2%；考虑到山区来水和下泄塔里木河干流的水量要求，阿克苏绿洲的可用水量为42.6×10⁸ m³；阿克苏河流域绿洲已处于不稳定状态，耕地面积超过了水资源承载能力。计算得出绿洲适宜规模为12 430 km²，与现有水平相当。基于作物需水量和绿洲适宜面积模型的水热平衡算法计算的阿克苏绿洲的适宜耕地面积分别为4 674 km²和4 211 km²，需要在当前耕地水平上退耕18%至26%。

关键词: 适宜耕地面积, 作物需水量, 适宜绿洲规模, 阿克苏绿洲

Abstract: The Aksu Oasis in the arid regions of Northwest China is the second largest irrigation area in the midlatitude arid region. Determination of the suitable oasis scale and identification of appropriate cultivated land can provide a scientific basis for the ecological stability and sustainable management of the oasis. In this paper,the suitable scale of the Aksu Oasis is investigated by using the water-heat balance methods based on the crop water requirement and the typical oasis structure model. The results showed that:(1)the crop water requirement in the Aksu Oasis had been as high as 740.3 mm from 2010 to 2015,37.2% more than that in the 1960s(539.6 mm); (2)taking into account the water resources from mountainous areas and the discharge demand to the main stream of the Tarim River,the available water resources in Aksu Oasis is 42.6×10⁸ m³; (3)the Aksu Oasis was estimated at an unstable state and agricultural acreage had exceeded the carrying capacity of water resources. It is calculated that the current suitable scale of the Aksu Oasis is 12 430 km²,which is equivalent to the current level. Based on the crop water requirement and the typical oasis structure model,the suitable cultivated land area are calculated to be 4 674 km² and 4 211 km²,respectively. It is suggested to shrink the farmland by 18% to 26% to get a stable and sustainable development of the Aksu Oasis.

Key words: suitable agricultural area, crop water requirement, suitable oasis scale, Aksu Oasis

中图分类号:

S271

王志成, 蒋军新, 方功焕, 陈忠升, 蔡明, 李卫红. 水资源约束下的阿克苏河流域适宜绿洲规模分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(4): 986-992.

WANG Zhicheng, JIANG Junxin, FANG Gonghuan, Chen Zhongsheng, CAI Ming, LI Weihong. Analysis on the suitable scale of the Aksu Oasis under the limit of water resources[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2019, 41(4): 986-992.

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水资源约束下的阿克苏河流域适宜绿洲规模分析

Analysis on the suitable scale of the Aksu Oasis under the limit of water resources

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