亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度空间差异的影响因素分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.1164

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以亚洲高山区2001-2016年基于MODIS积雪产品提取的30 km格网融雪末期雪线高度数据集（744个格网）及气象再分析资料为主要数据源，采用克里金插值、空间变异函数、回归分析和相关分析等方法分析了亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度的空间分布规律及空间异质性，并定量分析了其主要影响因素。结果表明：亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度空间分布存在较强的异质性，青藏高原内部雪线高度较高（5 967 m）且空间变化梯度较小，北部的阿尔泰山、天山雪线高度较低（< 4 500 m），西部地区雪线高度等值线分布最为密集。在30 km格网尺度上，亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度具有明显的空间自相关性，空间自相关距离约为1 550 km。纬度、经度和海拔对亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度的相对贡献率分别为60.5%、2.6%和36.9%，而在不同子区域其相对贡献率存在差异。夏季气温是影响亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度的主导因素，45.6%的格网主要受夏季气温的影响，而且在不同区域均有分布；以年降水量为主要影响因素的格网约占18%，主要分布在喀喇昆仑和帕米尔等区域；仅10%的格网主要受年辐射量的影响。

关键词: 雪线高度, 空间差异, 影响因素, 变异函数, 亚洲高山区

Abstract: Using the MODIS-derived 30 km grids (the number of grids is 744) snowline altitude at the end of ablation season and meteorological reanalysis data in the High Mountain Asia during 2001-2016 as the main data sources, the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of snowline altitude at the end of ablation season and their influencing factors are quantitatively analyzed based on Kriging interpolation, spatial variogram, regression analysis and correlation analysis methods. The following results are found:the spatial distribution of snowline altitude at the end of ablation season in the High Mountain Asia shows distinct spatial heterogeneity. The snowline altitude in the inner Tibet Plateau is relatively high (5 967 m a.s.l.) and shows small gradient of spatial variation; the lower values of snowline altitude (< 4 500 m) appear in the northern regions of the High Mountain Asia (the Altay Mts. and the Tianshan Mts.); the contour lines of snowline altitude are the densest in the west of the High Mountain Asia. On the 30 km grid scale, the snowline altitude at the end of ablation season in the High Mountain Asia has obvious spatial autocorrelation, with the spatial autocorrelation range of 1 550 km. The relative contribution ratios of the influences of latitude, longitude and altitude on snowline altitude at the end of ablation season are 60.5%, 2.6% and 36.9%, respectively, and the relative contribution ratios vary for different sub-regions. Summer mean air temperature is the dominant factor affecting the snowline altitude at the end of ablation season in the High Mountain Asia, and 45.6% of the grids are influenced by summer mean air temperature and distributed in all the subregions; the grids mainly affected by annual precipitation, accounted for about 18%, which are mainly distributed in the Karakoram Mountains and Pamir; only 10% of the grids are mainly affected by annual radiation (upward long wave flux at ground surface).

Key words: snowline altitude, spatial difference, influencing factors, variogram, High Mountain Asia

中图分类号:

TP79

王晓茹, 唐志光, 王建, 邓刚, 王欣, 魏俊锋. 亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度空间差异的影响因素分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(5): 1173-1182.

WANG Xiaoru, TANG Zhiguang, WANG Jian, DEND Gang, WANG Xin, WEI Junfeng. Analysis of influencing factors of spatial difference of snowline altitude at the end of ablation season in the High Mountain Asia[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2019, 41(5): 1173-1182.

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