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冰川冻土 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 1878-1887.doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2021.0119

• 冰冻圈技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

应用人工干预措施减缓冰川消融试验研究——以达古冰川为例

谢宜达1,3(),王飞腾1,2(),黄仕海4,赵灿文5   

  1. 1.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    4.达古冰川风景名胜区管理局,四川 黑水 623500
    5.成都理工大学 旅游与城乡规划学院,四川 成都 610059
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-07 修回日期:2021-07-02 出版日期:2021-12-31 发布日期:2022-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 王飞腾 E-mail:ydxie@lzb.ac.cn;wangfeiteng@lzb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:谢宜达,硕士研究生,主要从事冰川保护研究. E-mail: ydxie@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFF0304400);科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100202)

Test research on slowing down glacier melting by artificial intervention: a case study of Dagu Glacier

Yida XIE1,3(),Feiteng WANG1,2(),Shihai HUANG4,Canwen ZHAO5   

  1. 1.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    4.Dagu Scenic Area Management Bureau,Heishui 623500,Sichuan,China
    5.College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China
  • Received:2021-03-07 Revised:2021-07-02 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2022-01-28
  • Contact: Feiteng WANG E-mail:ydxie@lzb.ac.cn;wangfeiteng@lzb.ac.cn

摘要:

自20世纪90年代以来,受全球气候变暖的影响,中国冰川呈现全面、加速退缩的趋势。冰川变化引发的水资源时空分布和水循环过程的变化无疑将给中国西部,尤其是西北干旱区的社会经济发展带来深刻影响。为了减缓冰川消融速率,提高中国适应气候变暖的能力,开展了一系列人工减缓冰川消融试验研究。具体是在2020年8月5日—10月17日,以达古17号冰川为研究标靶,进行人工干预减缓冰川消融试验,即在冰川表面覆盖光热阻隔物——土工织物,并在试验期间,观测了试验区域与非试验区域的冰川消融情况。结果表明:试验期内,试验区的冰川消融速率为0.011 m w.e.?d-1,非试验区冰川消融速率为0.017 m w.e.?d-1,试验区冰川消融速率明显低于非试验区;500 m2的土工织物使达古冰川试验区域减少了204 m3 w.e.的冰川消融,使得总消融量减少了34%;覆盖光热阻隔物虽能有效减缓冰川消融过程,但受成本、环境及人力等因素制约,仅可以向西北部小冰川或冰川旅游景点推广。本次人工干预减缓冰川消融试验在一定程度上填补了中国应对冰川消融工程措施方面的空白,为以后进行工程类减缓冰川消融的试验奠定了基础,但是目前还处于初步研究阶段,需要更多的控制性试验来验证其在未来更大的时空尺度上的有效性。

关键词: 达古冰川, 人工干预, 土工织物, 覆盖, 冰川消融

Abstract:

Since 1990s, Chinese glaciers have shown a trend of comprehensive and accelerated retreat affected by global warming. Changes in the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources and the water cycle process caused by glacier changes will undoubtedly have a profound impact on the social and economic development of western China, especially in the arid regions of Northwest China. In order to slow down the rate of glacier melting and improve China’s ability to adapt to climate warming, the author’s team carried out a series of experimental studies on artificially slowing glacier melting. Specifically, from August 5 to October 17, 2020, the Dagu 17 Glacier was used as the research target to conduct manual intervention to slow down glacier ablation. The surface of the glacier was covered with a photothermal barrier, the geotextile fabric, and the glacier ablation in the test area and the non-test area was observed. The results showed that during the test period, the glacier ablation rate in the test area was 0.011 m w.e.?d-1, compared to 0.017 m w.e.?d-1 in the non-test area; the 500 m2 geotextile fabric reduced the total ablation in the Dagu Glacier test area by 34% and reduced 204 m3 w.e. glacier ablation; while installing a photothermal barrier cover can effectively slow down glacier ablation, considering the cost, environmental, and labor constraints, this method could be promoted only to the minor glaciers or glacier landscapes in the northwest. Our test of slowing down glacier ablation by artificial intervention has to some extent filled the gap in China’s engineering efforts in response to glacier ablation and laid the foundation for subsequent engineering-based glacier ablation slowdown tests. However, our research is still in the starting stage yet and more controlled tests are needed to validate its effectiveness on a larger spatiotemporal scale in the future.

Key words: Dagu Glacier, artificial intervention, geotextile, covered, glacier melting

中图分类号: 

  • P343.6