静冰力学模型试验的相似比尺问题探讨

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析冰盖形成的热力学模型, 推导出室内模型试验的相似比尺. 模拟野外降温过程, 在低温实验室内进行静冰压力模型试验, 研究实验室模拟静冰压力产生过程的可行性. 结果表明: 实验室模拟最大冰厚39.8 cm, 试验历时387.4 h, 冰的冻结过程符合天然规律; 实验室目前难以模拟融化过程中天然状态的太阳辐射, 有待进一步改进降温制度. 模拟试验的冰压力最大值出现在升温阶段, 与温升率相关, 温升率越大, 静冰压力值越大; 当环境温度升至0 ℃左右时, 静冰压力达到最大值, 随后迅速消散, 符合水库冰过程观测结果.

关键词: 静冰力学, 模型试验, 相似比尺, 试验研究

Abstract:

The thermodynamic model was analysed and the similarity ratio of the model test was derived in this study. Through simulating the field-cooling process, a model test on static ice pressure was conducted in a low-temperature laboratory to examine the feasibility of simulating the developing process of static ice pressure in a laboratory. The following conclusions were drawn: the maximum ice thickness was 39.8 cm during the test, which lasted 387.4 h, with the simulated ice-freezing process corresponded with the order of natural process; At present, it is too difficult to simulate the nature solar radiation during the thawing process in the laboratory. Thus, the temperature control process should be improved; The simulated maximum static ice pressure occurs in the temperature rise period, which is related to the temperature rising rate. The temperature rising rate faster, the static ice pressure. Morover, static ice pressure reaches the maximum when the air temperature reaches 0 ℃, and then decreases quickly, which is consistent with the observation in the ice development process on reservoir.

Key words: static ice pressure, model test, similarity ratio, experimental study

中图分类号:

P343.6

汪恩良, 刘兴超, 常俊德. 静冰力学模型试验的相似比尺问题探讨[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(2): 417-421.

WANG Enliang, LIU Xingchao, CHANG Junde. Discussion on the geometric similar problems in static ice pressure model test[J]. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY, 2015, 37(2): 417-421.

参考文献

[1] Li Zhijun, Zhang Limin, Lu Peng, et al. Experimental study on the effect of porosity on the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice in Bohai Sea[J]. Science China: Technological Sciences, 2011, 54(9): 2429-2436. [李志军, 张丽敏, 卢鹏, 等. 渤海海冰孔隙率对单轴压缩强度影响的实验研究[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2011, 41(10): 1329-1335.]
[2] Ji Shunying, Wang Anliang, Su Jie, et al. Experimental studies and characteristics analysis of sea ice flexural strength around the Bohai Sea[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2011, 22(2): 266-272. [季顺迎, 王安良, 苏洁, 等. 环渤海海冰弯曲强度的试验测试及特性分析[J]. 水科学进展, 2011, 22(2): 266-272.]
[3] Lin Yebin, Xu Yingjun, Gu Wei, et al. Distribution of sea ice density and air porosity along the coast of the Bohai Sea[J]. Resources Science, 2010, 32(3): 412-416. [林叶彬, 许映军, 顾卫, 等. 渤海沿岸海冰密度与空气孔隙率分布特征[J]. 资源科学, 2010, 32(3): 412-416.]
[4] Tang Shulin, Qin Dahe, Ren Jiawen, et al. The Studies of polar sea ice and their contribution to climate change researches[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2006, 28(1): 91-100. [唐述林, 秦大河, 任贾文, 等. 极地海冰的研究及其在气候变化中的作用[J]. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(1): 91-100.]
[5] Ji Shunying. Sea ice numerical simulation and its engineering application in the Bohai Sea[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2001. [季顺迎. 渤海海冰数值模拟及其工程应用[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2001.]
[6] Meng Guanglin, Zhang Mingyuan, Li Zhijun, et al. Study of the uniaxial compressive stength of the Bohai Sea ice[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1987, 9(4): 329-338. [孟广琳, 张明元, 李志军, 等. 渤海平整冰单轴抗压强度的研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 1987, 9(4): 329-338.]
[7] Ren Jiawen. Updating assessment results of global cryospheric change from SPM of IPCC WGI Fifth Assessment Report[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(5): 1065-1067. [任贾文. 全球冰冻圈现状和未来变化的最新评估: IPCC WGI AR5 SPM发布[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(5): 1065-1067.]
[8] Zhu Wanwan, Shangguan Donghui, Guo Wanqing, et al. Glaciers in some representative basins in the middle of the Tianshan Mountains: Change and response to climate change[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(6): 1376-1384. [朱弯弯, 上官冬辉, 郭万钦, 等. 天山中部典型流域冰川变化及对气候的响应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(6): 1376-1384.]
[9] Zhang Wei, Liu Beibei. Features of the glaciation during the Last Glaciation cycle in northwestern Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(1): 30-37. [张威, 刘蓓蓓. 滇西北山地末次冰期冰川发育及其基本特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1): 30-37.]
[10] Zhang Xiaopeng, Chen Kai, Li Feng, et al. Experimental study of the fracture toughness of natural freshwater ice[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32(5): 960-963. [张小鹏, 陈凯, 李锋, 等. 天然淡水冰断裂韧度的试验研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(5): 960-963.]
[11] Shi Liqiong, Li Zhijun, Lu Peng. Influence of ice temperature on thermal diffusivity of natural freshwater ice[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2013, 44(9): 1112-1117. [石立琼, 李志军, 卢鹏. 天然淡水冰温度对冰热扩散系数影响的研究[J]. 水利学报, 2013, 44(9): 1112-1117.]
[12] Fu Hui, Yang Kailin, Wang Tao, et al. Progress in the study of river ice hydraulics[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2010, 8(1): 14-18. [付辉, 杨开林, 王涛, 等. 河冰水力学研究进展[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2010, 8(1): 14-18.]
[13] Mao Zeyu, Zhao Xuefeng, Wang Aimin, et al. Side-resistance criterion for onset of mechanical ice-cover break up[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2008, 30(3): 508-513. [茅泽育, 赵雪峰, 王爱民, 等. 武开河的边壁阻力判别准则[J]. 冰川冻土, 2008, 30(3): 508-513.]
[14] Xu Guobin, Li Daran, Huang Yan, et al. Laboratory study of problems in ice mechanics encountered in the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2010, 21(6): 808-815. [徐国宾, 李大冉, 黄焱, 等. 南水北调中线输水工程若干冰力学问题试验研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2010, 21(6): 808-815.]
[15] Lu Qinnian, Tang Aiping, Zhong Nanping. Calculating method of river ice loads on piers (I): The mechanical behavior test of river ice[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2002, 11(2): 75-79. [陆钦年, 汤爱平, 钟南萍. 河冰对桥墩作用的冰荷载计算方法(I): 河冰的力学性能试验[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2002, 11(2): 75-79.]
[16] Song An, Li Chenguang, Hong Yi, et al. Mechanical property of ice cap in Dadinzishan section of Songhuajiang river[J]. Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China, 2008, 26(283): 40-44. [宋安, 李晨光, 洪毅, 等. 松花江(大顶子山段)冰盖力学性质[J]. 东北水利水电, 2008, 26(283): 40-44.]
[17] Yu Tianlai, Yuan Zhengguo, Huang Meilan. Experimental study on mechanical behavior of river ice[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science), 2009, 28(6): 936-940. [于天来, 袁正国, 黄美兰. 河冰力学性能试验研究[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 28(6): 936-940.]
[18] Zhou Daocheng, Duan Zhongdong, Yao Di, et al. Bootstrap-based estimation for probabilistic characteristic value of river ice compression strength[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2010, 42(4): 541-545. [周道成, 段忠东, 姚迪, 等. 河冰抗压强度概率特征值的自助法估计[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2010, 42(4): 541-545.]
[19] Li Zhijun, Zhou Qing, Wang Enliang, et al. Experimental study on the loading mode effects on the ice uniaxial compressive strength[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2013, 44(9): 1037-1043. [李志军, 周庆, 汪恩良, 等. 加载方式对冰单轴压缩强度影响的试验研究[J]. 水利学报, 2013, 44(9): 1037-1043.]
[20] Sun Meiping, Liu Shiyin, Yao Xiaojun, et al. The cause and potential hazard of glacial lake outburst flood occurred on July 5, 2013 in Jiali County, Tibet[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(1): 158-165. [孙美平, 刘时银, 姚晓军, 等. 2013年西藏嘉黎县“7.5”冰湖溃决洪水成因及潜在危害[J]. 冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1): 158-165.]
[21] Zhang Limin, Li Zhijun, Jia Qing, et al. Experimental study on uniaxial compressive strength of reservoir ice[J]. Transactions of Tianjin University, 2012, 18(2): 112-116.
[22] Zhang Aoda, Ji Honglan, Li Zhijun, et al. Experimental research on flexural strength of fresh water ice in Hongqipao Reservoir in Daqing[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2011, (3): 70-72. [张傲妲, 冀鸿兰, 李志军, 等. 大庆红旗泡水库淡水冰弯曲强度试验研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2011, (3): 70-72.]
[23] Qin Xuxiang, Jiang Lianjie, Zhou Qing, et al. Experimental study on dynamic friction coefficient between freshwater ice and various materials[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2012, 32(6): 79-83. [秦绪祥, 姜连杰, 周庆, 等. 淡水冰与不同材料间动摩擦因数的试验[J]. 水利水电科技进展, 2012, 32(6): 79-83.]
[24] Yu Tianlai, Lei Junqing, Shan Sidi, et al. Calculation model of impact effect of river ice on piers[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2011, 30(6): 192-197. [于天来, 雷俊卿, 单思镝, 等. 春季河冰流凌对桥墩撞击作用计算模型的研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2011, 30(6): 192-197.]
[25] Jia Qing. Study on design ice parameters of slope protection on plain reservior in cold regions[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2012. [贾青. 寒区平原水库护坡工程设计冰参数研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2012.]
[26] Xiao Jianmin, Jin Longhai, Xie Yonggang, et al. Study on mechanism of formation and melting of reservoir ice cover in cold area[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 35(6): 80-85. [肖建民, 金龙海, 谢永刚, 等. 寒区水库冰盖形成与消融机理分析[J]. 水利学报, 2004, 35(6): 80-85.]
[27] Feng Jingshan, Bai Yila, Li Bing. Study on numerical simulation of growth in thickness of ice caps in reservoirs of cold regions[J]. Journal of Bohai University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 32(1): 5-9. [冯景山, 白乙拉, 李冰. 寒区水库冰盖厚度增长数值模拟研究[J]. 渤海大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 32(1): 5-9.]
[28] Wang Xin. Ice thickness calculating principle and modified of different ice type[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2007. [王昕. 不同种类冰的厚度计算原理和修正[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2007.]
[29] Xu Bomeng. The expansion pressure of the ice reservoir and its calculation[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 1985, 27(11): 16-21. [徐伯孟. 水库冰层的膨胀压力及其计算[J]. 水利水电技术, 1985, 27(11): 16-21.]