25 May 1991, Volume 13 Issue 2
    

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  • Cause and Mechanism of Fluctuation of Alpine Glaciers
    M. Durgerov
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 95-106. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0015
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    The author tries to interpret the cause and mechanism of fluctuation of alpine glaciers with analysis of altitude structure of glacier mass balance. A new concept is introduced, namely, multiplicity of processes of mass balance. It is concluded that there exist two general processes in the altitude structure of mass balance, the contribution of summer balance Bs to annual mass balance decreases with elevation, while the contribution of winter balance Bw to annual mass balance increases with elevation. It is also found that the temporal difference in processes of mass balance is due to the fact that each glacier occupies only a section of the altitude interual. Therefore, the reaction of glaciers in the same system or basin to climate may be contrastly different.
  • The Peculiarities of Mass Exchange of the Flat-top Glaciers at the Central Tianshan
    Vladimir N. Mikhalenko
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 107-114. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0016
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    Flat-top glaciers reflect main regional features of mass exchange. Their location at the upper level of the mountain chains within the reach of the precipitation from all directions, and absence of avalanche snow supply define that peculiarities. At the flat-top glaciers of Central Tianshan the summer maximum of solid precipitation (about 80% of the annual quantity) provides the constant large albedo at the surface of glaciers and leads to continuous increase of accumulation within the area above 4 500 m. The typical feature of such type of glaciers is that the runoff is not equal to the total amount of melting water due to infiltration-congelation.The part of water remaining in the glacier’s body as superimposed ice decreases during the ablation period from about 57% at the first part of July to 48% at the second part of July and to 11 % of the total amount of melting water at the first half of August. Some processes of mass balance were researched by determining all the components of mass balance during short intervals. Mass balance of Grigoriev glacier-one of the flat-top glaciers of Central Tianshan was in 1986-1987 +21.7 g/cm2 and in 1987-1988 -29.1 g/cm2.
  • Developing and Physical Characteristics of First-year Sea Ice in Great Wall Bay and Its Adjacent Area by King George Island, Antarctica
    Qin Dahe
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 115-130. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0017
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    The detailed evolution and the profile of ice thickness, pH value, salinity, the structure and fabric of the first-year sea ice in the Great Wall Bay and its adjacent area, by King George Island, are discribed. The period of sea ice cover is short, and its stability is low. The result of ice core shows that the sea ice consists mainly of snow ice in the Bay (over 70% of the thickness), and that the sea ice increases both upwards and downwards, characterized by the snow ice upwards and the congelation ice downwards. Snow ice contains interstitial water which refreezes and remelts alternatively during the seasons with weather changes. This pro- cess makes it difficult to calculate the ice thickness from the classical Stefan formula. There is a dentrites phenomenon with ice plates and brine lamellae both in congelation ice and the bottom of snow ice. In addition, the ice-axis alignment direction in congelation ice and snow ice is different from that in other regions. The ice fabric diagrame of the congelation ice is a weak small circle, and that of snow ice has a shape of central symmetry. Despite above-mentioned differences, the profiles of salimity of the ice cores are as same as that of other regions.
  • The Distributive Characteristics of Frozen Ground in the East of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
    Wang Shading, Luo Xiangrui, Guo Pengfei
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 131-140. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0018
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    The investigated area is located in the eastern fringe of permafrost area of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, developed predominantly continous permafrost, isolated permafrost and seasonal frozen ground. The permafrost underlies an area of about 144 000 km2 or 61% of the investigated area. The distribution of the permafrost depends chiefly on the vertical zonation, while the latitudinal zonation and longitudinal zonation, are also revealed in some extent. Generally, the lower limit of permafrost will be risen 130 m with 1° ecrease of latitude. Because of the difference in precipitation, the lower limit of permafrost in western investigated area is higher than that in eastern.According to areal differences in the frozen ground distribution as well as geomorphological and climatic factors, four regions may be recognized: Isolated permafrost region in the northeast mountain ares, predominantly continous permafrost region in the Burehanbuda Shan and Anymaqen Shan, predominatly continous permafrost region in the Bayankela Shan and sporadic permafrost region in the southeast mountain area.
  • A Discusion on the Questions of Development of Heigou Glacier No.8, Bogda-peak Region
    Wang Zongtai
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 141-146,158. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0019
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    The area of the superimposed ice zone of Heigou glacier No.8 is up to 28.9% of the total. The superimposed ice is important supply to Heigou glacier No.8. The maximum thickness of the glacier is 192 m owing to the influence of the glacier bed topography. The glacier profits from local heating of local climate and there is a great meltwarter from glacier surface in firn basin. The meltwarter infiltrates into the firn and the crevasses and brings about that the ice temperature of Heigou glacier No.8 is higher than the others. The glacier variation is less than some glaciers in Tianshan and it is clear that the glacial stability is bigger.
  • Approach to Genesis and Era of Clayey-gravel in Guilin
    Kong Fanye, Zeng Huayan, Wu Shuimu
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 147-157. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0020
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    Predecessors have done quite a lot of investigations and studies on genesis and era of widespread clayey-gravel in Guilin, and advanced many views such as glacial sediment. We prospected two profiles and mapped two artificial exposure profiles during the hydrogeologic reconnaissance on scale of 1:200 000. According to differential thermal, spectral, chemical and spore-pollen analyses of collected samples the sedimentary environment is shown to be damp and hot. In the light of distribution and lithological features of the sediment, and 14C age data this paper consider the sediment to be Middle Pleislocene series mudflow sediment and not to be glacial and outwash sediment.
  • Periglacial Periods and Pleistocene Environment in Western Mountain of Beijing, China
    Guo Xudong, Yan Fuhua, Jin Zengxin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 159-167. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0021
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    Periglacial phenomena are widely distributed in Western Mountain of Beijing, China. This paper is the first report on the studies of some fossil periglacial phenomena in that region. Four kinds of fossil periglacial phenomena were found: ice wedges, periglacial involution, congelifolds and congelisolifluctive deposits. According to stratigraphical and chronological data, the periglacial periods have been divided as following:1. Guanting periglacial period, characterized by the congelisolifluctive deposits developed in Shizhuang formation, with an age of 2.43 Ma B.P. from paleomagnetic dating;2. Yanchi periglacial period, characterized by the congelifold developed in Yanchi formation, with an age of 0.5 Ma B.P. from pleomagnetic dating;3. Zhaitang periglacial period(Ⅱ), characterized by the periglacial involution developed in Zhaitang formation, with an age of 0.3 Ma B.P. from paleomagnetic dating;4. Zhaitang periglacial period(Ⅰ), characterized by the ice (soil) wedge developed in Zhaitang formation, with an age of 0.2 M a B.P. from paleomagnetic dating;5. Qiansangyu periglacial period(Ⅱ), characterized by the ice (sand) wedges developed in Qiansangyu formation, with an age of 0.13 Ma B.P. from paleomagnetic dating;6. Qiansangyu periglacial period(Ⅰ), characterized by the ice (soil) wedge developed in Qiansangyu formation, with an age of 0.018 Ma B.P. from thermolunscent dating.These fossil ice wedges, periglacial involutions and congelifolds indicated a rather arid and windy periglacial environment with a mean annual temperature estimated to be some 12 -15℃colder than that at the present. During about 0.5-0.018 Ma B.P., the southern boundary of Pleistocene permafrost extended to the latitude 38°N. The depth of permafrost is about -3 m to -20 m, during Pleistocene periglacial periods.Finally, the problems on vegetations, precipitation etc. were discussed.
  • Explanation of Electrical D. C. Resistivity Sounding at the Head Waters of Urumqi River, Tianshan
    Zeng Zhonggong, Qiu Guoqing
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 169-176. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0023
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    The thicknees explanation of 12 curves of electrical D. C. resistivity sounding obtained from the head of Urumqi River leads to the following conclusions:1. The thicknees of permafrost is about 50-70 m at the sites around the Daxigou Meteorological Station (about 3 540 m a. s.l.), and increases to 90 or 100 m in the empity cirques (about 3 870 m a.s.l.).2. The high resistivity of the No. 5 rock glacier implies a high ice content in the pore of the rock glacier.3. There is a buried glacial ice body with the thicknees of 2 m at the site just exposed from the ice tongue of Glacier No. 1. The buried ice body in the moraine, however, formed 4 or 5 years ago has been melt already.
  • Buried Humus Soil and Syngenetic Permafrost around the Daxigou Meteorological Station at the Source of the Urumqi River
    Zhao Ling, Qiu Guoqing
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 177-180. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0024
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    Buried humus soils were commonly found around the Daxigou Meteorological Station. For example, three humus soil layers, formed in 201±59 a B.P., 3 211±74 a B.P. and 4 301±96 a B.P., respectively were found in Pit 89-1. The presence of buried humus soils indicates the aggregation of sediments, the rising of permafrost table, and the fluctuation of climate.
  • The Preliminary Report on the Sino-Ussr Joint Glaciological Expedition to Gongga Shan
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 181-184. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0025
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  • Bulletin on Quaternary Glacial Remains in Xueb’ng Ridge in Dongchuan City, Yunnan Province
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 185-186. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0026
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  • Significance and Research on the Two Boreholes of Tianshuihai in the West Kulun Mountains
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1991, 13(2): 187-188. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1991.0027
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